David Delene: Okay looks like a crisis, a little bit less today with the snow outside.
David Delene: I see a couple people online of all can you hear me yo i'm sharing my screen and.
David Delene: On there.
Yes.
David Delene: Okay, I was yelling at me.
David Delene: unmute yourself and you don't want me if you can't hear.
David Delene: So I snow stolen, I thought, the first thing.
David Delene: we're talking about CD materials today, but then on.
David Delene: Thursday we're going to start talking about.
David Delene: Use of radars.
David Delene: So I thought were look at the radius radar move from my stuff to keep you.
David Delene: Why isn't a snowstorm anybody from Bismarck if you know, wants to snow out there.
David Delene: There you go hey, let us know we got yellow blues in there.
David Delene: On this, this is, this will be for activity values understand like this, a lot of times they they like to use temperatures of these two disseminate between the rain and snow so.
David Delene: But it looks like.
David Delene: it's quite a bit of snow all over North Dakota today so.
David Delene: Hopefully we see them new bands coming up here oh see.
David Delene: Blue areas coming right past us now so.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: reduce the spray.
David Delene: and
David Delene: I will activities.
David Delene: With this.
David Delene: catalog world is coming to have West again and lotsa a precept to help with their throat, though there.
David Delene: And we're pretty much on the heavy snow right now so.
David Delene: I have that and then I have lots of stuff to cover today.
David Delene: I want to try to get through a whole bunch of material, if I can.
David Delene: And I know.
David Delene: I guess when I didn't do it last week.
David Delene: People asked me for my presentations So what are the website.
David Delene: and
David Delene: let's hope I got my presentations on there for today, so we got dry season or dry ice didn't.
David Delene: See the agents and then equipment and methods and that's what a bit of overlap between some of these topics so maybe you see the material and would have been different ways, a couple of times here.
David Delene: and
David Delene: Then we got the questions assignment to on Thursday and then we'll talk about radar and this long description of the radar and and maybe applications of that and then.
David Delene: What how an exam on the 28th at the end of the month, for your third exam before we have the.
David Delene: Cover on the third part of the DEMO operational side, so this is where you know we get into the movement from the theory to how we acquire so how we do that, in practice, so.
David Delene: it's important.
David Delene: to work on that and I was just on a car discussing how we were to.
David Delene: Look at the operations and evaluate them and talk about what you know how well certain programs do and stuff so.
David Delene: So this.
David Delene: guidelines that the word me logical organization puts on how you supposed to do these operations.
David Delene: In general, and that's what we talk about so let me see if we start talking about dry, as if I can download that any questions oops.
David Delene: Wrong before we start talking about grades.
David Delene: Any questions online anybody want to pop up.
And we could.
David Delene: Make sure going.
David Delene: Live show stuff from first slide okay.
David Delene: I got my picture found for some dry ice here.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: We see all the vapor and it comes off of it so.
David Delene: The first question is what is dry eyes so.
David Delene: it's frozen carbon dioxide so remember, we can have all states of matter in three different states so liquid and gas, so if we.
David Delene: Take an make a solid or the carbon dioxide, which is in the air and.
David Delene: freeze it and I know what the concentration and common oxide is in the atmosphere.
David Delene: isn't it.
David Delene: yeah.
David Delene: yeah 400 because that's what's been increasing so I was on top model or where they started measuring cup monoxide in the late 1950s.
David Delene: When I first global sites to look at that So if you ever see that concentration CO2 and atmosphere, the longest record is from top of Hawaii but it's a long maybe gas in the atmosphere.
David Delene: But it's a little component compared to something like water vapor nitrogen oxygen on the main contributors, but.
David Delene: um so it does not melt into record buddy backwards directly into the gas that's why you see on the picture, there you see the solid and the gas coming off of that so there's no liquid there and remember we caught up summation.
David Delene: And if you, you know a lot of things like gases, if you put a high enough pressure, you can liquefy it.
David Delene: And like I said this isn't photosynthesis so there's actually an up and down.
David Delene: With the increase and decrease for the north and south hemisphere, so when civil wars carbon dioxide measurements and summer yeah okay that's all right way to answer so if you say July, or something, then you get assessed by the hemisphere so.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And there's more of a trend in the in the northern hemisphere, because there's more vegetation that takes up the carbon dioxide.
David Delene: soda water, we can have common oxide.
David Delene: You know you put that in that's what makes us soda POPs and stuff for soda water.
David Delene: Bob we're physically.
David Delene: i'm history goes way back to be getting dry having systems been using the season agent is shaffer here in shaffer when I pioneers.
David Delene: kind of fell upon the idea was trying to what the temperature of his chamber.
David Delene: Back in 1946.
David Delene: dot three pounds address powers and from an aircraft and made a race trackpad to go back remember I history that we talked about before so.
David Delene: So, how does it work in terms of crowd seed in.
David Delene: Croatia genetic forms ice crystals like corn water drops below minus 40, so this is where you have the homogeneous freezing.
David Delene: So you can form the ice particles because.
David Delene: it's safe see here.
David Delene: All right, I guess, I didn't tell you it's very cold.
David Delene: Like how it operates very.
David Delene: So well below minus 40 so it can freeze everything very rapidly when you have it.
David Delene: super quote unquote into the city's freezes water droplets even in absence of ice Nick dry, so you get that cold enough that you don't need the Nice Nice.
David Delene: So let's see oh two is not a a nuclear I.
David Delene: themselves.
David Delene: Because you don't need one remember ice forms and it can form as homogeneous or you just want nothing but the.
David Delene: The gas and it starts to form if it gets cold enough.
David Delene: And then, of course, if you get the ice crystals to form the cause the water droplets to evaporate and they were world, so this makes ice crystals that can get big enough and fall and we know that as the cold rain process right that involves the ice.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: I cut my ice off on my slide where do we spend sick.
David Delene: Yes, usually.
David Delene: drop into upper regions of the crowds.
David Delene: dry ice pellets.
David Delene: Top seed in they say ice cry or dry ice into these top regions get up here where it's record go through you can put in.
David Delene: The dry ice pellets so we'll talk a little bit more about the top seed in and the cloud based seated and, of course, the 32 degrees Fahrenheit is your zeal Celsius we have the freezer line so we drop that in to the tops of the crowds.
David Delene: Why.
David Delene: we're not I was thinking of this this morning.
David Delene: What would it be not good to put in the.
David Delene: Like the updraft reaches below the reason.
David Delene: But it is going to sublimate, but what is it what's that, why is it updraft within.
David Delene: Because it's one So if you put this core stuff in there right, so I can help it.
David Delene: So we want to put it there, where we can get the is not just cool.
David Delene: The gap graphs so maybe we could have some suppression on the after after if you wanted to do that, but it's pretty hard to get enough energy.
David Delene: To call but.
David Delene: it's very cold, so we put it there.
David Delene: And when to use dry ice.
David Delene: direct injection receding aircraft attention penetrated after New York crowd pop.
David Delene: Once it grow through the minus 10 level.
David Delene: And so you put them where you want a new create the ice put them in there.
David Delene: And if you put this you know, in the growing fetus cells.
David Delene: You can how it continues source of kind of say that transport it up from below, so you get this continuous reprint a shade of the.
David Delene: ice so.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: So what about a mile dry ice.
David Delene: So the amount is proportional to the amount of liquid water.
David Delene: and have a picture here with think lizzie she sewed up her dry ice hopper and filling in and North Dakota.
David Delene: lot of programs don't use dry ice a little bit harder to handle and to have on the aircraft.
David Delene: He has a picture.
David Delene: You can dispense a lot of it, you know 40 pounds a minute, but first rate is five ounces per second.
David Delene: Because you just.
David Delene: use up all your material very quickly exclude expensive very fast.
David Delene: For that reason, so you don't want to.
David Delene: dispense it too fast.
David Delene: But at the right amount.
David Delene: i'm.
David Delene: and independent of the temperature is not like the.
David Delene: ice Nick grey that gets changes with temperature right the activation how much you need.
David Delene: A while works is kind of independent of the temperature depends upon the amount of liquid water.
David Delene: So that's unlike.
David Delene: agi well I see.
David Delene: So you get a lot of crystals again these orders of magnitude 1011 and 12.
David Delene: Was tentative 12 now.
What.
David Delene: tend to the.
David Delene: yeah is that a billion.
David Delene: i'm trying to get a million is 66 right.
David Delene: that's one Julia so once you get to these big numbers I didn't know what they are.
David Delene: So again, you can get a lot of ice crystals, but you have a big volume to this product, so you need to make that.
David Delene: OK.
David Delene: We have that you spend said, this is another picture with grace hopper in a plane usually put in the back, we get to it fill it up.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: So this is where I get to the temperature have enough drive so it's extremely cool.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: And stuff so up is kind of like liquid nitrogen.
David Delene: Has anybody seen the liquid nitrogen and stuff so as you may have seen us, they have a trick right, you can pour liquid nitrogen over your ad.
David Delene: So you do it like this important nitrogen over and have the liquid nitrogen go off your hand, but if you cut your hand like this, so the liquid nitrogen pause and they're in a burner, so people that do that you know they have what a YouTube video is something.
David Delene: Where you pray a lot of tricks with liquid nitrogen is a company for that, so all the gases falls off it doesn't pull up, so the same thing here, you know with dry ice is extremely cold and keep it on your your skin.
David Delene: cause damage to it, yes, universal remote me to drive something.
Like.
David Delene: Well, you do sit there I don't think it's a.
David Delene: Like a hazard to have the CO2 in the aircraft term so.
David Delene: I guess you're thinking more like you get too much CO2 when the aircraft.
David Delene: I guess that could be an adjective trying to think of how much that is in terms of.
David Delene: What it is, but I think if you look at these they're sealed up.
David Delene: In there.
David Delene: And you would have to.
David Delene: get it released a big quickly.
David Delene: To do that, so I don't.
David Delene: I guess that's a potential hazard, but I don't think it's.
David Delene: more subtle make that quickly.
David Delene: If you got it awesome find.
David Delene: Particularly if you seal it stuff to that's why you want to keep it sealed in these containers.
David Delene: But that's a good question I haven't really thought about that.
David Delene: hazard.
David Delene: So it's more of just having get it, you know disappear.
David Delene: But I think that the major cause is.
David Delene: To get it on your hand just skins ui.
David Delene: And that's why you need guavas protective goggles.
David Delene: So it says dress or something maybe five to 10 pounds every 24 hours in a typical chest, so you know 10 pounds of dry ice, you know in 24 hours.
David Delene: i'm not sure how much we should do a calculation to see how much that is compared to the how much CO2 is in.
David Delene: The cabin and stuff, but I think it's we circulated enough that it's not a big hazard because of the low amount.
David Delene: of material that would he didn't then first the series.
David Delene: of rapid events that.
David Delene: occur So even if you open it up and just read it there, I don't think it would fill up.
David Delene: The cabin.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: As you can see, maybe in that the next picture here, you know I think this one's not open, but you can look at it.
David Delene: In there when they're prepared before you launch.
David Delene: You know, he wanted to remove any water no water ice playing a role in an offer.
David Delene: And I personally i've seen these operas but i've actually never flown on an aircraft were actually dispensed it.
David Delene: Most of the programs i've worked on have not used these.
David Delene: So you want to load it before launch is.
David Delene: So do you know cause deposition of water.
David Delene: ice may freeze ice comes from the air.
David Delene: into columns and make an order to disperse so you know you want to empower type of shapes so it's easier.
David Delene: To use reverse, so we got some older pictures here i'm showing kind of like the.
David Delene: The handwritten.
David Delene: Maybe it's not the best one they'll see grabs but they have the.
David Delene: The tongs 200 with the is so big.
David Delene: So many when.
David Delene: Any questions online parts.
David Delene: Any questions in the audience yes.
David Delene: can get to.
David Delene: You know how clumpy it is, can you still dispense it.
David Delene: And i'm not hundred percent sure, but I think usually they do have used to dry ice with combinations of whereas also, so I think usually they have the dry eyes hopper and for so you could use one one or the other.
there.
David Delene: So, in a way couple.
David Delene: cool pictures here.
David Delene: You can see the vapor coming off of it when you have in there and there's a.
David Delene: You know if you haven't a well ventilated area, you know you know, out of steel two.
David Delene: In there and I think is in the north Dakota project or something one aircraft that has the hopper.
I believe.
David Delene: And then you store the dry ice.
David Delene: With the live shots to it.
David Delene: And then we have no for mosquitoes and stuff get in there and make a mess so.
David Delene: He said what a bit of the the admin of this right, this, he said that you know she used in Bowman so that's pretty had it for the North Dakota project and have to load that up.
David Delene: into the hopper from the storage.
David Delene: Before the fight, yes, you know it doesn't matter.
David Delene: I don't know if they you know I think they just get into the area some I have to tell me.
David Delene: That I mean, I think it is a kiloton but maybe.
David Delene: I have not actually like I said work with it.
David Delene: Too much, but you would have used, you know, in the summertime maybe as a core brace and the mosquitoes would like that cool.
David Delene: Because it's hot outside be aware, and then I think they usually store it in a garage or shed.
David Delene: You know it's not in a.
David Delene: In a.
David Delene: You know, an air tight.
David Delene: place so this probably have you know garage doors and other things, so people you know insects and mosquitoes competing at night that stuff so.
David Delene: i'm advantages of dry it works immediately real fast.
David Delene: creates high concentrations of crystals.
David Delene: And then it works at any temperature coding and zeal, you need the stupid cold water.
David Delene: And you know you don't have this dependence upon the.
David Delene: effectiveness of the agi so you can use it earlier in the development of the storms.
David Delene: Smaller warmer crowds can be treated more effectively with dry ice done with like injectable for us, so you know when you put in the dry ice.
David Delene: You can get that activation thought inform the ice crystals try to get some that latent heat.
David Delene: into the crowds so again, I think you know you kind of use that, in combination, so your seat and maybe get up there again where it still would have it, warm so you can put some of the dry ice in there.
David Delene: Before you get the crowds too cold enough temperatures, where the API would be.
David Delene: Effective so.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: and
David Delene: And then.
David Delene: Experiments research CDs super quarter our words.
David Delene: You can look at you know chambers.
David Delene: You know, you can see that it produces the super cool.
David Delene: produces ice and super quarter fog.
David Delene: No look at what they are.
David Delene: And then you'll get this deposition of ice, but as far as I know, is really hasn't been on all water.
David Delene: Research just using dry ice.
David Delene: It should work.
David Delene: As a factor you as the age guide because you make the ice crystals and you do, that the same materials so.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: And then we have some references for this.
David Delene: Like I said i've never worked a project, where we had it.
David Delene: You know, it takes some logistics to get to the locations, so that could be hard and some development countries some locations.
David Delene: To have access to it and storage so that's kinda know drop back, but it does have the advantage that independent of temperature works at warmer temperatures, but you still need super cool drops.
David Delene: Questions look at the ISO smoke breaks coming down.
David Delene: wish it was July.
David Delene: So what's the only month that it has known in North Dakota.
David Delene: August oh it's like Okay, I think it was August and nothing.
David Delene: So I haven't I guess i've seen it in May and September I.
seen it.
David Delene: That much so.
David Delene: So questions.
David Delene: dry ice is one of the materials.
David Delene: And off to get some more pictures and some other stuff to do that so.
David Delene: i'm trying to get to the secret agents and equipment ah so.
David Delene: i'm going to check question, there we go and look at this Oh, is it yeah you can hear me okay put questions in the chat I got it up now anybody else online got any questions.
David Delene: You type them in.
David Delene: So that's the advantage if you.
David Delene: come in online and audio stuff that instead of watching the videos you can.
David Delene: ask questions so.
David Delene: Though it can be embarrassing I was on.
David Delene: A seminar, and I was confused about the one of my friends had private chatted me to a question and I wanted to reply back to him, but I forgot to.
David Delene: Private reply back and i'm probably everybody.
David Delene: On the moderator is what's that Question No questions.
David Delene: So technology.
whoops.
David Delene: yeah we can.
David Delene: do that.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: I want to try to see if I get through other stuff today should we take a what a break here and what can see of our we rode my image here how much it's changed see grand forks is right here, this is our border for North Dakota.
David Delene: And many actresses down here the loop.
David Delene: So let's see here if I go and we vote this.
David Delene: Okay, I got the loop.
David Delene: In a new loop here that it made or not.
David Delene: And so what a bit different.
David Delene: We load the.
David Delene: signal loop here.
David Delene: So that big snow ban.
David Delene: Look at this just to the south, about this, we have the snow bands in here.
David Delene: like this is a big heavy.
David Delene: See it's coming down now in a more us know what the blues here, and some of the green.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: let's go on to.
David Delene: The next topic.
David Delene: And we have to hide.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: yeah okay if you're gonna make sure I have the light one.
David Delene: So the sensitive season.
David Delene: Agents yeah picture, when a single rack of.
David Delene: So I died for us.
David Delene: Burning praise for us.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So what a bit so that's these burning praise flares and then you see the little like the last week I bought one in a man whose son is cable they're hooked up here.
David Delene: To these connectors and so, then this director call connect is that go through here go back to the seed cable up here and that goes into the to the aircraft, so you give it up moodle.
David Delene: Current to set up a night or CAP off.
David Delene: But if these aren't hooked up here there's a connector here, you have to have hooked up.
David Delene: To actually have the the phrase working.
David Delene: So dry ice, we talked about the previous one, is almost exclusively for airborne release.
David Delene: Typically, you don't have.
David Delene: The super cool droppers question for my near the surface.
David Delene: Put in a hopper hopper.
David Delene: The mechanical the suspension.
Page.
David Delene: And dispensing our form.
David Delene: How was far from the aircraft, so you have on the bottom of the airplane.
David Delene: To the crowd.
David Delene: So if it's going to fall, you must be high enough to get the point of new creation, so you got to be above the zero degree temperature putting in a super cool water.
David Delene: And like I said is that keeping it in a small house form that you can dispense can be problematic for that, so you basically just released at the bottom of airplanes for the offer.
David Delene: added the kicker at the rate that you want.
David Delene: And I think again, you just turn it on and turn it off when you want.
David Delene: So the.
David Delene: coordinates that you can use is liquid propane.
David Delene: In sometimes uses for fog at the surface.
David Delene: And I got this nice picture the obvious thing is that is flammable.
David Delene: And it's.
David Delene: technically feasible from the aircraft, but not really you just.
David Delene: But it can cool like dry ice.
David Delene: Though.
David Delene: i'm sorry I don't want is the release of the I sneak right that can be from the ground.
David Delene: And it can because it's fun with smoke.
David Delene: You know, when you burn this it's like no you get this small smoke to say burnin piece of paper.
David Delene: So you can do it from the ground and you do from the air, the vantage of the ground is typically less expensive.
David Delene: And the advantage of the airborne is I can use the target.
David Delene: And there's always questions about.
David Delene: You know, different methods and maybe you have different companies, one might specialize in ground release another one specializes in aircraft release.
David Delene: And then you guys some sponsor that wants to know Okay, which one should I go in here and that sort of want to say hey my advantages, I can do it for less money.
David Delene: than the other company says yes, but you're actually not getting material, we want targets and so you're you're not being cost effective so it's always that that argument.
David Delene: So I got another picture here.
David Delene: Of a rack and this one has both the.
David Delene: Two types of burden increase the smaller diameter ones are the agi and big ones on the.
David Delene: I just got it for us, so you could do these, and you can put them both in that crowd base, or you could do some cloud based seen in and then.
David Delene: go up and.
David Delene: do some.
David Delene: agi so they make the Rack, so you can put either or so one goes inside what goes on the outside.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And you just a night them burn them off so you're going along these up obviously before the fight.
David Delene: get them in store.
David Delene: groceries of soap iodine.
David Delene: It can be done since it's normally a smoke.
David Delene: And I think i'm on this one pizza.
David Delene: I got the same thing repeated with two different pictures.
David Delene: So yes, I want to make sure you know, the advantages and disadvantages of these so he hasn't grown generator up in the mountains so.
David Delene: You can have these you got rid of boxes that control them on and off solar powered.
David Delene: to release the material and usually, when you put these as a lot of.
David Delene: snow because it's in the winter time and the.
David Delene: US you to ask home birth vernazza home.
David Delene: With the.
David Delene: So iodine dissolved in as the phone.
David Delene: And you have this in the bony where we're we're one or two kilometers of the atmosphere and then the material with up and gets up into the cloud with an updraft.
David Delene: So you have to have these high enough.
David Delene: to actually get that upslope for so.
David Delene: yeah what a better picture of this on the next one, where you have them and usually this is kind of just the tops of the mountains, where you put them, do you really want to put them up in the moment.
David Delene: We have this updraft that will carry you so site and these can be important, very important and it's better to site in whatever going to be effective, instead of just.
David Delene: Where is easy and convenient oh I gotta.
David Delene: You know somebody that lives down in the valley, we just put it down there it won't necessarily get the upslope into the.
David Delene: into the clouds and may now, you can do out of atmosphere modern you could find the best spots and of course it changes in with the wind flow.
David Delene: And this is very common in wintertime more graphical season, so the finishing up now typically April 15 is kind of when the winter programs in the US so.
David Delene: they're finishing that up this week.
David Delene: In the model is that you have these the winds that carry them up.
David Delene: The mountains into the or graphical crowds and then you have the snow falls on the mountains and then you increase the snowpack the idea so.
David Delene: there's been I guess I got a couple pictures some more historical measurements, so you know just thinking about how this disperses.
David Delene: With distance down when with these logs scales 110 100 kilometers how much it disperses.
David Delene: horizontally, so you know if you go one quam right Daniel what's got a 10 kilometer horizontal dispersion you know with the downwind.
David Delene: Of the material.
David Delene: So it doesn't take too many kilometers to get it dispersed and but you kind of have these plumes that.
David Delene: Go frost and it depends on you know it's always down when so when the storms come across the mountains, they can come from different directions.
David Delene: problems.
David Delene: For the activation if you have a lot of son, because he is not to be effective.
David Delene: And I keep saying this to direct the uncertainty, you know how well, you can get that to the target here you want.
David Delene: and
David Delene: And if you place them over and version rebels, you may not get them up this temperature inversions you may not get that much to up into.
David Delene: The cloud the air made is not come from the surface up.
David Delene: To get that so you really need these to be high enough in the mountains, so that that is not an issue if it down and evaluate lot of times of Valley, so these Captain versions and don't have the wind that flows from the valley up.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: that's why some of the values are.
David Delene: Big major pollution areas like fairbanks Alaska they have already mountains around them that water, when what you keep that temperature and all the pollution from the city inside the city.
David Delene: Because you you trap it their.
David Delene: Questions comments.
David Delene: it's kind of fun, I think, great people that go out.
David Delene: To services, but a lot of times they put them out there.
David Delene: In the beginning of the season, and then they hope that it will last for a season and then remotely turn them on.
On.
David Delene: yeah they bring them in like three hour increments or something you know but they'll burn them, for you know I think a day or two no it depends on how long the storms last.
David Delene: So you have to monitor and that's what the meet our just do here, they really monitor and a lot of times they'll have like radiometer errors and other measurements in a valley that looks at the mountains to see Okay, do we have super cold water, and it calls.
David Delene: It is the wind direction right, so the meet our job is to modify it is it can use models and say okay now's the time to turn this generate on and they usually have.
David Delene: You know 1020 of these in a project area, depending on how big they are so they can be monitoring, a lot of these.
David Delene: So it's a lot.
David Delene: You know more efficient once you get them there you just.
David Delene: And I don't know if.
David Delene: You know it's our satellite remote control, you can turn them on and off you get to four we can adjust them.
David Delene: I don't think there's any that.
David Delene: automatically turn on like you could have a sensor that measures of liquid water, but they can put liquid water sensors on the instrument, but a lot of times you want to know what liquid water is.
David Delene: Once you get back into the.
David Delene: into the clouds right because your liquid water is up here.
David Delene: But the generators here, but sometimes the dependent on the storm, you know, these can get a lot of super cold water and ice up and then also these can get buried.
David Delene: As a snow accumulates to So you see down I towers and stack so they put them up there, so that, as the snowpack goes over winter increases.
David Delene: yeah so in Colorado they have programs for allowing the ski they just call out a ski areas.
David Delene: And that so.
David Delene: They can use this as a general.
David Delene: method.
David Delene: But a lot of times it's more, for you know out west and the Colorado river basin and stuff for this get enough snow Pack.
David Delene: And so that's there's been studies, you know how much can we increase this with these generators, and because you can't always see every storm, so you know how much do you look at that, in terms of percentage of the snowfall or a year.
David Delene: Do you look at total mall so you can look at it like.
David Delene: You know cubic feet of water that these produce and it's a huge number.
David Delene: And you can look at the cost of what that is to the.
David Delene: To the users.
David Delene: But the other thing is it's usually not if you look at.
David Delene: Because you can't see the other files, you may be received a 30% of the storms you can't see it all the time and then you may increase them 30% by maybe five or 10% so overall you know you own and maybe make it a couple percentage increase of the all the snow.
David Delene: stuff so that's targeting part and that's why some people will say, well, if you want to target better aircraft more effective, because you can go into different areas and move around a little bit more in in a single site a generator so and some programs useful.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: Well, my hair.
David Delene: acetone various you can put them on the end of the aircraft, so we had one of these up over spring break.
David Delene: We turn it on so I got to actually see you know quarter, the solution into them, I mean nighter.
David Delene: And you can generate that fill it up, so they on these in burners here is that you know there's a pink in here and then this Ram error that you in in your nighttime.
David Delene: So that's one way to dispense to survive, I don't want to bring in praise first and the third is the injectable pyrotechnic for us, so this is the injectable for as they go down underneath the aircraft.
David Delene: So up josh can carry this material for it up in a while, so you can see that crowd base.
David Delene: With the generators on, and you can get these up into the crowd crowd base will receive the silver iodide.
David Delene: So you do, that a lot of times when you do this.
David Delene: you'll you only be affected a couple percentage of the updraft because you know these crowds a big and you're here, praying.
David Delene: about small imperative that so you know you can find a nice and get these up in there.
David Delene: How much turbulence, how much it spreads out is kind of a question.
David Delene: For these.
David Delene: And still want to do some more studying on the triplets and the spread over this, but.
David Delene: and
David Delene: Here it kind of shows kind of like a clue is and what it would have been more complicated than that but.
David Delene: You know, get up or you know you're not expecting the old type of the file.
David Delene: Because you're not seeing the whole area.
David Delene: injectable pyrotechnics I didn't show you any Indies.
David Delene: The aircraft flies above the desire levels, you want to get this up higher.
David Delene: So you get to minus 12 minus 15 or something Nessa even have to be in the clouds if the material falls down to them.
David Delene: But they typically for a couple thousand feet.
David Delene: But.
David Delene: It disperses.
David Delene: The material and instead of having a line like to do on the aircraft to you can have a big spread out boom type of thing.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And because the Bernie face when his burden as you fly around.
David Delene: and gives you more of a line whoops.
David Delene: Oh sorry I hit the wrong button on my.
David Delene: On my slide.
David Delene: So I guess that's the end that's the injectable so basically.
David Delene: The materials for the agi but we kept you know wingtip acetone burdens generators.
David Delene: burn in place for as an injectable for us so way to dispense the silver iodide.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And then you know.
David Delene: You know, Nice picture of the rain shaft here with the end burner.
David Delene: So they usually caught him in burners injectable VIP is good.
David Delene: For the types of materials.
David Delene: So question.
David Delene: yeah you don't want another airplane I think they.
David Delene: They have two or 3000 for separation.
David Delene: At least I forget it's probably been more than that.
David Delene: But you know you want to make sure that there's no one below you.
David Delene: Have people around is it wrong to firework shelf yeah it's it does really spence's and I don't know the shows of light.
David Delene: And it's the case, it is not when you look at these it's not the case and that's injected it's just the.
David Delene: The material so there's not a solid piece that falls.
David Delene: You know it's not a metal it's just a stuff inside the case.
David Delene: So there's a I guess I wasn't so it's not this metal piece.
David Delene: This is neither here, and then the stuff comes out of that metal that's what falls down so.
David Delene: yeah.
David Delene: it's kind of a and so.
David Delene: And I mean the same thing, like with each other, we kind of saw.
David Delene: The burden placed for us and I don't have any here.
David Delene: You know it's the material inside of them there's a like a cardboard running outside.
David Delene: So that's not the materials inside that burns, but the whole cord work ones, however, there are these.
David Delene: These ones, they are what are these practice capsule fall off.
David Delene: The lights, so I guess they get our.
David Delene: And I think.
David Delene: You just use you have been this far, but you can take the caps off to.
On now.
David Delene: So they just protect the Niger that's in there, so the one I showed you, the other day didn't have a CAP.
David Delene: On the CAP, a taxi nighter because that's what happens if this phrase don't start burning it's the idea that don't.
work.
David Delene: We had some of them have.
questions.
David Delene: On my.
David Delene: side wants more.
David Delene: it's Tuesday we can keep going on is no one so whatever flakes are getting bigger and bigger out there.
David Delene: 23 here.
David Delene: or my.
David Delene: Internet.
David Delene: There we go now, what about more.
David Delene: In zoom right in here for North Dakota.
David Delene: See, now we have right here what of itself, it was too.
David Delene: Before where can I get.
David Delene: Now is grand forks so yeah that's amazing band of snow.
David Delene: So it's moving kinda kind of slowly here.
David Delene: For this.
David Delene: Okay start my video.
David Delene: And you can see that moving up from.
David Delene: myself here and how long it sits there some of these areas, and then it dissipates but.
David Delene: You know, it looks like they didn't.
David Delene: But we snow here and sometimes you can say you can go look at the range snowline see was raining i'm sure this is all rain down here afterwards.
But.
David Delene: So okay.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: let's see if we can keep going in here and see if I can restart this last.
David Delene: presentation.
David Delene: Because, who knows if it keeps snow until Thursday mornings class.
David Delene: So Sydney equipment and methods, so what a bit.
David Delene: Different.
David Delene: Maybe.
David Delene: combine it but.
David Delene: And the questions online on see anything in the chat I was put questions there.
David Delene: And i'll stop my video or stop it.
David Delene: So I can do that I still got the.
David Delene: We ensure feared.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: equipment and methods, so this is based on, I want to Mike powers, but a different set of material.
David Delene: Oh, and move this over to the way.
David Delene: and
David Delene: airborne versus drone Seton more discussion of that.
David Delene: Because the seat in the dispensing of period must be done at the right place time.
David Delene: right amount, and you have a cost consideration in, particularly in the convective storm some.
David Delene: The timing is very important, get there fast enough when the storms or development if you go too late.
David Delene: When it's a dissipated the boost that updraft you're not going to be effective.
David Delene: So I guess I gotta you know good ground base called seated good for questions you know benefits disadvantages between these.
David Delene: kind of somewhat of a repeat from before, but maybe this is a.
David Delene: Good comparison when you can see them side by side, so grab a seat is less.
David Delene: Costly low maintenance feel people, no one person can measure it and monitor all these grown generators, they can service them in the summer and it's offseason deployed em monitor so you can do an operations with just a couple people.
David Delene: disadvantages again important when you put them.
David Delene: And you might not be spend some materials does anyway, see any other benefits disadvantages of you might think of for wrong base eaten.
David Delene: versus aircraft.
David Delene: removal.
David Delene: move up one spot like your own base that we move on, I haven't heard him I try not.
David Delene: The problem is, is that.
David Delene: I haven't done it either, I had a one of the people that was on my committee Member for my PhD he would go out outback skin in the mountains and stuff.
David Delene: The same way i've gone to the mountains in wyoming and Colorado stuff but not in the middle of the winter i've been updated in July, you up in the mountains and still still nothing.
David Delene: So they get huge amounts of snow up their visibility, so I think the logistics of moving them.
David Delene: is just.
David Delene: very complicated.
David Delene: Maybe we need a ton of his vehicle or something that.
David Delene: You could put a on a.
David Delene: You know, some type of you know, mobile platform, but then you know, in a slower 610 and.
David Delene: You know, you would have to have something that you could you know, once you get these big huge amounts of snow, are you going to move something.
David Delene: You know if you get six inches or a couple feet of snow.
David Delene: In there and then it's hard to get up there no Have you ever seen your pictures of the.
David Delene: So I haven't heard anybody doing that terms of trying to move them.
David Delene: Aircraft you can create this you can agent exact location.
David Delene: We can make with your mouth, you know you can migrate some what amounts to for the the ground winds that you can't necessarily get them in the locations.
David Delene: You know, you can get more coverage of the storm you're not limited by one location.
David Delene: more costly.
David Delene: And then of course the aircraft, you have a lot of maintenance issues right.
David Delene: A lot more complicated.
David Delene: equipment and then the ground status anyway, see any advantages anymore advantages disadvantages to the aircraft.
you're punishing aircraft.
David Delene: yeah using replenish have.
David Delene: It there you get to it easy to fix in some ways, but you have more maintenance and also, is it.
David Delene: Is it easier to have easy to do maintenance, but we have to do it more often and more I mean it just goes back to the costliness of it.
David Delene: But you know if you have one of these generators go down know, maybe down for quite a while.
With aircraft operations, you know the storms to start.
David Delene: yeah you can go on cover bigger area I think that's.
David Delene: more complete seen in a storm, you know you get in there, you get where you want.
David Delene: You know bigger areas, you can be more mobile, you can be where you want to be for samia fixed in one location.
David Delene: So now we talked about top seed in versus basin.
David Delene: So tops is in a super cool, well then tops of the storm.
David Delene: You can get up there because good visual who's typically you could see this dog should not always in them.
David Delene: So you go in and do your seating come back around you can watch how it's moving.
David Delene: You can get at the right temperature.
David Delene: If you want yeah I mean you can read sometimes see the seed, in effect, you can go through a storm see how much drink of water is in there just get it, you know what an instrument or just how much on an adventure to.
David Delene: See at the water, and if you go back through it after you see did it you'll see the ice for.
David Delene: So you can do in crowd sampling so that's one reason why i've been involved, you know we're working how much liquid waters in the storm.
David Delene: what's the temperature, you know, do you have an effectiveness of this do you see the ice forming.
David Delene: So disadvantage no information across base appearance.
David Delene: Top can be embedded.
David Delene: difficult to do at night.
David Delene: It can be turbulent to penetrating the purity is tops.
David Delene: And you may not have as much dispersion because you're putting right in the store not letting me updraft bring it up in this person and shoot off the crowd.
David Delene: So it's that question of you know, is it better to put it right, where you want or is embedded spread it out, hopefully, you get them into is in there.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: The tools.
David Delene: Basically, you have wind generators I attack next shut up.
David Delene: For X so either an agi or.
David Delene: I just Gothic and then a chemical device like a dry ice hopper on to dispense them.
David Delene: is actually a couple different types of generators.
David Delene: For this I mean have quite a bit of.
David Delene: You know capacity to this eight gallons yes seven gallons it's usable.
David Delene: You can set the full rate different.
David Delene: And this generate you can use for for bass Eden, you know burner, the generate our time.
David Delene: on them.
David Delene: called the generators next.
David Delene: So uses pressurized air.
David Delene: capacity and going to choices at the ground and get a better flow wait.
David Delene: wait a bit different in terms of.
David Delene: So you can use fresh air instead of Ram and I guess that's the major difference, you know the Ram air.
David Delene: That you would get from this fine with the inlet here.
David Delene: just having a tube and having that airflow through there.
David Delene: and using that versus using a compressed air.
David Delene: So a couple different types of generators.
David Delene: So these chemicals that you put into generators, they are strong oxidizes so what I mean by oxidize, this is a chemical term from.
David Delene: way back when you know what oxygen is right.
David Delene: So when you burn what you do.
David Delene: So you need a lot of oxygen So if you have efficient burning process, you have a lot of oxygen so when you combustion engines, we have to have a right amount of oxygen to make sense.
David Delene: So they put a lot of these in so that you get a highly efficient burning process.
David Delene: Very predictable.
David Delene: But these can receive the fire hazard.
David Delene: So you don't want to have any issues, because you.
David Delene: But you have jet fuel and you have other.
David Delene: things on the airplane too, so you have to have the aware of.
David Delene: These hazards.
David Delene: pyrotechnic devices.
David Delene: yeah be careful that you were grounds and goggles.
David Delene: Or, this is, I got the wrong title of this story, this is for the.
David Delene: limit to for the acetone and the material.
David Delene: If you're using these chemicals filling it up don't.
David Delene: get any hands don't smoke around the chemicals.
David Delene: And you know don't use it in a closed area so basically caution some kind of similar to gasoline or jet fuel.
David Delene: You would have to use this material.
David Delene: techniques use you typically have some iodine.
David Delene: You have burning phrase and injected bowls are the two types of for errors, so these ones are burning grace.
David Delene: And you know you have the silver dimes and the I don't want to use I just got PIC.
David Delene: potassium chloride, and I materials and these words are not just one material so iodine is not 100% of the material, so this oxidizes in a major component, so you know if you take the weight of the the format to.
David Delene: its best.
David Delene: lesson under say 25% that's actually the so if it's a significant percentage.
David Delene: burn crace.
David Delene: These are the ones I united.
David Delene: You can have these 12 X.
David Delene: dispensers one on each wing we get 2400 aircraft, you know back or the wings so everything's behind the when it goes behind the airplane so you put these typically I know racks I don't have a pitch I should get a double Rack, they have to have these now that, instead of having.
David Delene: Well, we have 24 so you have another set of these above.
David Delene: so that you can have more what to.
David Delene: The API for us, you can burn in two minutes.
David Delene: we're just over two minutes for the so I died for us.
David Delene: I just got back once of our for a bit longer three to four minutes.
David Delene: Okay bally an airplane to put the material and.
David Delene: You have to load these up.
David Delene: beforehand.
David Delene: You got to make sure you store materials put them on the air dry area sometimes people keep these for years if you don't keep them dry out potential for that the.
David Delene: Pirates pyrotechnics so you gotta have treatment for how you store them ship them.
David Delene: Be careful not to damage them.
David Delene: And donate them and stuff so.
David Delene: And then the last thing is to dry ice with the hoppers.
David Delene: and put 150 pounds and they're very cold and that's kind of a repeat for the last one.
David Delene: And then the same kind of repeats of that and then i'll stop here and I didn't quite get that, but this is the last.
David Delene: figure here what reaction times have a different materials so.
David Delene: I think the burners on the wrath and then a different types of agi first mix with different compounds and then a dry ice.
David Delene: So, the main thing is the dry ice yeah okay.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: Thanks, we made it so it's clear these today.
David Delene: snow.