David Delene: Okay, I got that up.
David Delene: coordinate zoom session.
David Delene: known as a couple people don't mission today.
David Delene: And on the monitor.
All.
carden.
Why.
David Delene: Welcome to Tuesday.
David Delene: Tuesday April on.
David Delene: Thursday okay geez i'm still stuck on Tuesday.
David Delene: Okay, Thursday.
David Delene: April.
David Delene: i'm looking at my calendar April 7 okay.
David Delene: and
David Delene: I gave you another assignment, which is my favorite one to do some more questions for me, I think this really helps you guys study and prepare for exams did better than second exam.
David Delene: And without any evidence i've attribute it to you guys do your homework questions.
David Delene: So do them separate of lectures.
David Delene: Up till two days.
David Delene: So that's doing a week and then it's getting towards the end of the Semester so i've laid out what I think will be.
David Delene: The rest of the schedule, including, I want to have one more exam on April 28, which is the week before.
David Delene: The last week of class and then that'll give us time to go over that last week fast and then you can have the final exam on may 10 and I got it 1pm.
David Delene: Central.
David Delene: Time.
David Delene: And we got an assignment day maybe one or possibly two more see.
David Delene: But, and I did that, and then I did with some help from Fred remer.
David Delene: generate.
David Delene: In blackboard the average exams and.
David Delene: assignment scores, which are weighted 50% each and then I created a another one That summarizes the overall grades.
David Delene: And we can talk about the test questions that I think everybody that had them no one's here to don't need to take a test, I thought everybody, but I think one person drop um.
David Delene: There were.
David Delene: four people that were still kind of go over seeds, so if you wanted them.
David Delene: I can help you please come to my office hours we you know, some people are kind of borderline on their grades, so if you're within a couple percentage points.
David Delene: You know of the cut off of.
David Delene: Of 60 7080 90% particularly.
David Delene: You know, yes, where will likely change or could change so if you're just above the grade to keep working hard and if you're just would have been low worker would have been harder.
David Delene: And so they can change but it's pretty hard to change your whole letter grade.
David Delene: But is.
David Delene: They were.
David Delene: All I think eight or nine sees on the exam what 1015 bees.
David Delene: eight.
David Delene: or so Hayes no one got 100% I know I went back and I looked at the duplicate questions I saw there was a couple of them, but I had a couple of different answers that I saw so.
David Delene: If you have some issue with that we can talk about it, but I think i'm just gonna leave it as the percentage and i'm sorry it gives you the.
David Delene: percentage, but you can calculate it might think, out of the 70 I did calculated here, for we don't want to know.
David Delene: And then I also open up the exam so you can look up the questions now yes i'm just third exam is going to be comprehensive, for all like from the first, second and.
third section.
David Delene: yeah exactly sure I take him a weighted what a bit more towards the latter half.
David Delene: kind of my, this is a maybe it'd be the second and third and final equally comprehensive overall yeah it's going to be equally comprehensive or three of them and so i'm thinking, maybe by that time on it to 100 questions.
David Delene: You know, one point of peace equally kind of waited over the exam.
David Delene: So if you don't know any other concepts in the stuff.
David Delene: Look at the mode questions and make sure you understand the answers, and I can go over.
David Delene: A couple of them I could pull up unless you have you can go should be able to go back now people get in there and look at your answers.
David Delene: And everything in blackboard geography computers.
David Delene: I can, I can pull it up myself what I want to be some they are used to this thing i'm showing other people's.
David Delene: grades different Gordon one section.
David Delene: There was.
David Delene: A couple of them that I remember.
David Delene: There was the terminal velocity one for the ice and water, and I said that they're both well.
David Delene: One millimeter.
One micron it was.
David Delene: The same one micron one millimeter in a way, and the answer is the orders of magnitude higher or lower or about the same So the answer is about the same.
David Delene: Yes, the ice falls would have been slower, but not an order of magnitude different then go back and look at the curves the very small drop was for a lot smaller that's why I had to say that this about the same size.
David Delene: It was the other one about the entrainment that maybe confuse you with my word in.
David Delene: The ideas in training happens at it outside of the crowds are near the edge of crowds.
David Delene: And that's where you gentlemen kind of downdrafts to come there so it's not a phenomenon of the core.
David Delene: Of the cloud, this will be a patriot in there to code dies.
David Delene: And it just doesn't generally updrafts it generates a downdraft so.
David Delene: The density word it might have been would have been confusing but look at the end of that sentence.
David Delene: um and then go back and look at the density stuff that we talked about, I think I had that right sure um.
David Delene: So I think everybody, most people did well.
David Delene: You know there's nothing wrong with season, so I don't consider this necessarily the easiest crass so you know rather when I was a student rather take a podcast and get a lower grade and easy crass one and learn stuff So hopefully you've learned stuff.
David Delene: And these.
David Delene: You know a lot of people going to be so, sometimes people may be enough challenge enough or get older or the answers right so we're just worked very hard, but I try to keep an interest in for that so any other questions concepts, we can talk later offline to.
David Delene: like to talk off the Cross but that doesn't work for you just send me an email, and we can set that up.
a bunch of.
David Delene: Blank stares and i'm going to try to get through these topics that are listed.
David Delene: But.
David Delene: I won't quite make it, because this is going to talk today about seating.
David Delene: See the agents CD materials, so I don't know.
David Delene: If I can get every one of these, but.
David Delene: You know, maybe.
David Delene: we'll have to have.
David Delene: You know, some flight safety and.
David Delene: broadside stuff.
David Delene: to buy some of the other stuff after the exam so and then I don't know like record keeping David operations, then boy, this is going to come and he probably talk a lot about daily operations, so that might be a quick review for what I have to say about that.
David Delene: um so.
David Delene: With our process cancelled and stuff it's time to get everything covered, but where it will get 95 99% there so.
David Delene: questions.
David Delene: So assignment due next week over these lectures.
David Delene: on that.
David Delene: Go back and review the questions and the previous exam.
David Delene: I will.
David Delene: And then, if you have to.
David Delene: miss the April 28 exam talk to me.
David Delene: And we'll have to make it up, probably i'm not a phone Tuesday.
David Delene: Because I want to talk about it and move forward.
David Delene: and make sure we discuss how that so.
David Delene: Okay that's the plan that's the Semester.
David Delene: And let me see here.
David Delene: What some videos did I show you.
David Delene: Think I showed you the loop for the radar we talk about this one.
David Delene: Is this one here and get to.
know more.
David Delene: I guess not.
David Delene: They used to have a video.
David Delene: Oh, these are just myths.
David Delene: So I can review it we talked about.
David Delene: Last week, and stuff for the thing we have the overview of the fog.
David Delene: abatement you've been in a fog so that's actually one of the more recent for the civil court for one or more proven ones, but it's not done too often, but it is done, the.
David Delene: Suppression of lightning and one of patient hurricanes, have not done anywhere that I know of, and they don't have much research.
David Delene: has been done on now so that's the takeaway on now.
David Delene: The one that we didn't talk about somewhat is.
David Delene: Suppression of heavy rains.
David Delene: downpours downforce is so i'm interested in that so.
David Delene: To talk about.
David Delene: But again, most of them all involves the technique of.
David Delene: use an agi the most well researched and stronger support is the heart graphical cloud seeding over abundance.
David Delene: Is got the most research, a lot of operations, probably the most.
David Delene: well studied used accepted method and then probably brain enhancement next and inhale suppression.
David Delene: With less so.
David Delene: And then I put the pharmaceutical folks.
David Delene: So there are a nice easy.
David Delene: stratos not changing too much systems when you get to the the convective systems, a lot more complicated lot more mixing lot more messy there.
David Delene: To be honest, down and support.
That same after hurricanes.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: So this video is not work.
David Delene: Everybody see it would have been a snow we had this morning.
David Delene: Whether.
David Delene: Let me see if we can quick we.
David Delene: have too many other.
David Delene: videos, but let me see we've been having some problems with I met treasurer at power outages in Florida yesterday and i'm not gonna.
David Delene: meet illogical terror.
David Delene: But I think I still have a see if my radar move is working.
David Delene: For that up.
David Delene: Is it working.
David Delene: Maybe not okay today's the.
what's the date.
David Delene: Seventh, I must be working.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: This morning right so utc.
David Delene: utc now is 7am.
David Delene: To get mixed up with the time changes.
David Delene: So, and so we had storms yesterday last night.
David Delene: With the.
David Delene: Has the 1908 so.
David Delene: That should be.
David Delene: A local time and with the composite reflectivity.
David Delene: Values over.
David Delene: North Dakota.
David Delene: So here's a North Dakota.
David Delene: Because we don't know geography more Minnesota so over here so still getting.
David Delene: You know 45 that dark green so, is it like when they're.
David Delene: You know 4045.
David Delene: Oh, I have that scale I don't think the scale matches with the but you gotta look over here, this is the.
David Delene: latitude, this is the longitude for the numbers.
David Delene: This is a scale, so the Greens here up to 30 BBC, which is what you're starting to get here for preceptor so nothing falling over us here in grand forks so.
David Delene: Look at that, but.
David Delene: Go back and look at the.
David Delene: loops to see how that moves in terms of the crowds move it down from the north.
David Delene: So they don't necessarily move East to West but.
David Delene: Generally, we have the storms move.
David Delene: When I moved to the East, from us.
David Delene: Okay, I need to bring in some more radar data here in a couple next week or so.
David Delene: Okay, I got my speaker on the recording.
David Delene: So day we want to talk about the actual segment here we didn't would have it more into the.
David Delene: Operations side and how we do the actual.
David Delene: Application of the CD material how we get into right areas of crowd and what.
David Delene: And what is us, so these are examples.
David Delene: of some injectable for us on the bottom of airplane on the laugh Hydra Skype exceeding for us in the middle and then agi cdn material so.
Dylan Skinner-Mans: Dr Joe hey.
David Delene: hey.
Dylan Skinner-Mans: I think the screens not showing.
David Delene: Oh yes, thanks I need to share that.
David Delene: Thanks.
David Delene: um let me.
David Delene: share the screen good, I want to I knew I was recording on my zoom but I forgot to.
David Delene: share the screen, so I don't want my.
David Delene: Okay got my zoom and we need to share the screen.
David Delene: Okay, now the screen is shared.
David Delene: Everybody shared.
David Delene: Like I said I need a checklist up here to make sure I do everything every day.
David Delene: I the controls, and now I gotta go.
David Delene: Okay, now, you can see it right can't see it.
David Delene: load up so yes.
David Delene: yeah I didn't post them to the outpost and afterwards, so I was running late, so now and that's a great thing that people.
David Delene: know if they we look at them when i'm going over them here.
David Delene: i'll post them, I was.
David Delene: Doing my shortcut today.
David Delene: For that so.
David Delene: People like to look at the slides, and I do so.
David Delene: i'll make sure to post them and I posted a videos too, so a few people remind me if I don't get the right ones and stuff in there.
David Delene: But sometimes it takes me.
David Delene: A while to get them posted.
David Delene: Because it takes time to convert it and then I don't get to it necessary that day and I forget about it.
David Delene: But usually I get to it before the next class periods, but.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: So i'll post these and we just have the ones for.
David Delene: let's see the material stuff for today.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: Yes, so.
David Delene: We go on to.
David Delene: The goals of the materials.
David Delene: produce large droplets or ice crystals in crowds so that's the goal of what we want to do with crowd seed in.
David Delene: I got annoyed here, you could do, maybe add because now we're doing some research and we're talking about trying to do, maybe a combination of these at different times and the crowds what the materials both.
David Delene: produce large droplets and ice crystals.
David Delene: At the same time.
David Delene: To kind of get the garage drop what's going in and rot away have the ice crystals in there, once you get them.
David Delene: get cold enough get the agi material in there to produce ice crystals once it gets cold enough.
David Delene: Because it's hard to know exactly what the temperature is, you have the crowds when you're doing the operations.
David Delene: And you still have to do this, you need.
David Delene: Some materials and equipment.
David Delene: So you want to have some considerations, obviously.
David Delene: what's the objective you know some programs have very specific areas.
David Delene: Where they want to have precipitation augmentation, for example, over a reservoir they just care about that one watershed.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: That is have.
David Delene: Areas for heel protection that is particularly counties in North Dakota.
David Delene: Urban areas in Calgary in Canada to to do others have must have the old country.
David Delene: You know we're going to increase precipitation get it to rain and we don't care where it rains and get into the ground help us from predators like groundwater.
And stuff.
David Delene: So obviously the other one is cost, and this is a big issue for all graphical about senior when you can do from ground generated versus aircraft, the ground generates a typical cheaper.
David Delene: How you deliver what production, do you.
David Delene: Do you have on this, and so here's my pitches some more injectable agi for us.
David Delene: That we could have.
David Delene: So Lisa.
David Delene: considerations and what we want to do.
David Delene: The.
David Delene: talk a little bit about the types of materials that we put out, so I kind of been talking about this in general high just Gothic material it absorbs or attracts water.
David Delene: So you know it just needs to.
David Delene: obtain and you know have I should say, water is water vapor you want to pull that water vapor.
David Delene: Out of the air to form the droplets.
David Delene: And it just needs to be able to do that that's what the high risk topic means.
David Delene: Anybody know what's the opposite of microscopic.
David Delene: degas we fear the water right so hydrophobic.
David Delene: So they are study materials I before vic.
David Delene: or for aerosols, the twos and harrison's so again, one of them is the salt, if you put salt in a human environment and just absorb the water.
David Delene: i'm.
David Delene: Also, known as sodium chloride right.
David Delene: And I got a bunch of high dystopic furs on the back of a king at 200 here.
David Delene: So the put my.
David Delene: cursor over here I just got nuclei that's what we want to put out into the atmosphere.
David Delene: The objective here is to broaden the crowd droplet size distribution.
David Delene: So we want to get bigger or droplets so we have more broader distribution.
David Delene: Then wouldn't actually have and the idea is to promote some core essence.
David Delene: and promote the technically the prison core essence process mechanism that process for foreman.
David Delene: Warm rain.
David Delene: This goes back to knowing that knowing the theory here.
David Delene: So we can have some common use materials advanced mixtures.
David Delene: So what i'm chloride is one.
David Delene: Ammonia hydroxide and then I think someone asked us I mentioned this before you, we are, which I give the chemical compound flora it's kind of get a common.
David Delene: salt, that is sometimes it would be more.
David Delene: beneficial, these are types of the particles and they you know can disperse these different ways.
David Delene: Which is.
David Delene: How you generate them.
David Delene: So you have generators and much ways.
David Delene: designed to produce the scene important because you want to get the device.
David Delene: To produce the CD materials immediate liquid or soured so one of them is to get you know solid materials or you can have a liquid that you could be speakers, or it can take up.
David Delene: Water vapor right away when it's distributed.
David Delene: know me use for.
David Delene: What grace eugenic have generators.
David Delene: That produce these show you some pictures of that.
David Delene: And you can do them for high dystopic materials.
David Delene: vaporizes see material that's kind of the way we do them when you burn ascertain as tone and typically when you vaporize furnaces very hot the scene, where burn.
David Delene: 1800 degrees Celsius.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: You can get.
David Delene: These materials out there.
David Delene: I just got back I should.
David Delene: have done.
David Delene: last thing is the requirements for the highest Coptic.
David Delene: Must gentlemen, obviously highest traffic particles and then we got to disperse that throughout the crowd volume is no it's not useful to have the material not he didn't to the cloud, and particularly into the bottoms of the clouds because that's where you start to generate.
David Delene: The.
David Delene: The bigger particles that make for so that's where they're super saturation goes the highest is native bottom, so you want to get an activate these large particles, so a lot of times.
David Delene: The forest I should.
David Delene: add a distribution of them, but we measure these we can fly behind the airframe we can generate these underground burn them.
David Delene: And you know, the first have big particles, but they also put out a lot of smaller ones, what ideas we gotta get some big ones out there and.
David Delene: The other idea now is a lot of times, instead of burden for errors, then you get generated was small particles, you can try to just put out a big super my current particles, but that's very hard to do in a burning process.
David Delene: Is the burning now she makes a lot of accumulation or particles lot of small particles, so we need to have.
David Delene: You know, mechanical way to generate these big particles.
David Delene: So that's like.
David Delene: slicing them mechanically putting them all, and then it might be also advantageous we talked about of extrication and stuff it might be advantageous to have them charged.
David Delene: so that they can attract and new great particles so part of our research we're going to try to do is generate large charged particles and see if that works better than just the I just copy it for us so there's always refinements to these techniques.
David Delene: But you know no one's has a really great new one that's come out so it's kind of hard once you understand the basic physics.
David Delene: To come up with new fundamentally new ideas.
David Delene: So that's.
David Delene: The end of.
David Delene: Right now on Hydra Scott pick.
David Delene: It to the highest so the highest coffee maturity can work on.
David Delene: In a warm rain process.
David Delene: right because they don't need ice in the clouds.
David Delene: I kinda it's a little bit newer.
David Delene: process than.
David Delene: The agi in terms of applications and work.
question.
Yes.
David Delene: Is it did they get set off by a charge from the aircraft or is it all, as well as.
David Delene: Well, I can, since you did that I got it would have been a show and tell us in a safe.
David Delene: place don't tell.
David Delene: me.
David Delene: What it is perfect, for you so.
David Delene: we're going to talk about the API what's next, so this is what it looks like when it's burn.
David Delene: So i'm going to be gone, and these are all on the borders.
David Delene: But powder on here, so I got a bunch of API in the bag, to show you but i'm so these is one that is not a new one is pointing.
David Delene: So you can see, is a nightmare in hand.
David Delene: So you know sasa rob.
David Delene: is safe, I that So you see, is it.
David Delene: What color here.
David Delene: Right so there's two wires so that's a small one, is 20 gram usually have the ground as you can see that.
David Delene: The name just making it longer city burn and it a long time long, you have to belong to bass so as you're familiar to maybe.
David Delene: Be.
David Delene: i'm.
David Delene: Not here to be put on the aircraft what it is, is how long you want, in the firm is how we stayed at grace and how long you want us to be effective.
David Delene: I want to of my ninja stuff but it's taking my my bench share.
David Delene: So getting back to the other question is this to moodle wires on here, so we will do it here but anyway technical current record, so the way we.
David Delene: Like these off with the E nighter is just hooked up to a nine volt battery.
David Delene: that's enough of a current GA so we have done experiments we burn them in my lab and then we.
David Delene: have to contain and I had a special approval from the safety office so models for.
David Delene: i'm i'm there like 150 grams of them, and they have the racks or the.
David Delene: You.
David Delene: know.
David Delene: The number.
Be.
David Delene: 10 little.
David Delene: And then these was.
David Delene: Well, he Co.
David Delene: op X right and this one.
David Delene: Because they have now to get more of them on the aircraft.
David Delene: they've doubled up the racks so here's an easier one to call on.
David Delene: So people on like to see with my.
David Delene: camera 1-234-567-8910 12.
David Delene: To 12 of them I was course.
David Delene: yeah and then now they have what they call double racks so In doing so, June 12 you do 24 and then you put these on.
David Delene: Each wing of the aircraft.
David Delene: So this is the West wing, obviously, so you have the same Rack, on the other side and typically what we would do is you burn one on each side of the earthquake kind of spread it out so you've earned in both of them.
David Delene: For the high just copying materials and these ones last about three or four minutes, one on one for.
David Delene: So one for basketball four minutes, but if you burden to them at a time.
David Delene: We could call that up.
David Delene: So if there's 12 of them, it takes three minutes that's only 36 minutes of see dinner, of course, your aircraft have a lot more endurance, but if you go what to a damn thing I almost an hour of seed in and that's just with them.
David Delene: And then, of course, a lot of times you try to stay in the updrafts while they're going in and then you try to see different cells.
David Delene: So you don't burn them obviously when you're going in between one cell another because remember how long does storms last and development, they don't last hours once so a lot of times we would earn three sets of so.
David Delene: To see one cell.
David Delene: Another question.
Assuming that.
Separate roles and switches.
yeah.
David Delene: So, usually they have one person flying a plane and the other person is the one that.
David Delene: lights initiates the for us, and then you obviously check to to make sure it's working.
David Delene: Because you got hooked us up.
David Delene: hands once we were doing some fine and.
David Delene: He forgot to connect up the four wires so close right the first for nothing happens and you realize, is that you forgot the right dammit so that's when.
David Delene: An event for fargo and we're opening grand forks were receiving so it's like okay quick, we need to an.
David Delene: Airport go out their pocket and take off again.
David Delene: But, of course, that takes time, so you don't want to do that, but that's a safety issue right you don't want to have these potentially because if you have some lightning or some discharge, you have these go off.
David Delene: yeah usually the one that's not fine he is a second and then there's a bunch of notes and and records that they have to keep to, but the force.
David Delene: A show you know radars is automatically triggered you know, like there's a mark when a night differs where the data system that's down linked.
David Delene: To the radar so that operators can see that.
David Delene: and see what they're burning so there's different ones, you know.
David Delene: And each one of them is identified because that's the big part of the record keeping so it's automatic, but I think they also require a a backup.
David Delene: to write it down I think that's a lot of what Dan brothers will talk about is the the actual requirements and then, of course, you know that's kind of specific to the program you're working on.
David Delene: And company and.
David Delene: And the operations for that so.
David Delene: But it's yeah they have boxes.
You can do that and.
David Delene: So they are there by the pirates name is that any different ways they revised and.
David Delene: updated their.
David Delene: Their procedures.
David Delene: And the technology.
for that.
David Delene: And, of course, of course, usually you can almost always see if that burnet because you can look back.
David Delene: And no because, if you like, I said you hit the button, it may not work.
David Delene: And sometimes the first, then, is would not.
David Delene: work.
David Delene: And then they had problems with that 2030 years ago, or they fix them a notice that have less of a failure rate.
David Delene: But that goes back to the equipment than the knowledge of.
David Delene: Because you don't want to have equipment not work.
David Delene: That happens.
David Delene: Okay lots of questions.
David Delene: Oh, if you want.
David Delene: I don't know so we burn them.
and
David Delene: So I just got.
David Delene: Back to.
David Delene: grace of generic.
David Delene: So ice cream, I must January agi small particles so.
David Delene: The particles much new green ice crystals.
David Delene: And again, it must be dispensed to all the a crowd volume, so you want to it doesn't help it does have one small area, you want to get a pretty big volume that he mixed up.
David Delene: and
David Delene: So, with the ice Nick right.
David Delene: You want to maximize the number because it's a number of names I sneak right that's important, not the mass, so this is one of the benefits it doesn't take a whole lot of mass.
David Delene: It takes a lot of.
David Delene: Number of these particles spread out.
David Delene: Of course, you want to be cost effective.
David Delene: And operationally effective in terms of.
David Delene: weight time operations and how you get them all, so is a picture of us over spring break where we burn.
David Delene: Some agi which is is white material I don't want to get it all over you but does anybody want to get it all with them.
David Delene: You can see the white.
David Delene: On your hands so here.
Okay.
David Delene: So so that's.
David Delene: hei here.
David Delene: Now you really know so.
David Delene: This is a powder.
David Delene: In his.
David Delene: suit and I have a whole big bag of it, I don't want to get out but it's pretty heavy so I calculate it out one time this is.
David Delene: Probably worth about.
David Delene: I don't know what the price of silver is right now, but you.
David Delene: Know it's hundreds of thousands of dollars I got it.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So you see the yellow here, and then we error, we know we put it in the aerosol form.
David Delene: This is a filter I didn't bring in but you see the white it gets deposited on the filter.
David Delene: Not the white yellow around the white filter holder, so this yellow here, you could see and I need to talk to people in the energy Institute, we want to go through and put it through the electron microscope get some images of the particles and stuff so.
David Delene: Look at that, yes, other.
David Delene: Yes, um the other one I talk about is.
David Delene: bacteria.
David Delene: like snow Max or some type of dead bacteria and so i'm working with a company in Austria and they remind me I just sent an email today we're going to try to set up a call Chamber experiment and put it into the crowd chamber and see how effective it is so the dead bacteria.
David Delene: work well or proteins that are associated with that bacteria.
David Delene: That can also be there, so, but you have the same.
David Delene: But that's gotta and can work better at five because it can potentially have a higher activation temperature.
David Delene: So follow.
The lecture.
David Delene: there's a couple ways to do that.
David Delene: One is you can make it into a powder and dispensed up the powder.
David Delene: it's kind of hard to put into a for the other way, you can put into small droplets.
David Delene: You can nice, but then you have to have some water.
David Delene: Dispensing system, and if you have the water you added into the mass.
David Delene: For.
David Delene: What they use the.
David Delene: snow Max who for.
David Delene: Skills where they generated.
David Delene: The floors are they did some places, still do you can put it in the water and.
David Delene: Then, when they have the.
David Delene: The generators stuff that make the snow in a shoot of water and a high pressure and some makes better snow crystals when this know Max or bacteria extent to it.
David Delene: So people don't like the idea, sometimes do not like in Austria So what did I tell you what they did there.
David Delene: So instead of they didn't want to evolve to add this dead back to year two, so the scientists did was they went and sat with otter weeks next to the.
David Delene: ski resort and they found the ones that had the highest level of the bacteria because it's like a soil bacteria to this Okay, you need to take your water from these lakes, because you get better.
David Delene: Because it has more ice trying to get better snow.
David Delene: So it's it's a question of.
David Delene: You know, sometimes you can do stuff.
David Delene: You know, naturally, that you can just add the same stuff to the to the water.
David Delene: And some people don't like agi to.
David Delene: about us I just topic materials.
David Delene: But we know what a minute it's so iodine because it's bonded it's not it's not has this on your hands.
David Delene: But if you have pure silver Kathy that's the confusion.
David Delene: So this is what we measured.
David Delene: This is our generator setup that we had outside I prefer all which is great, this is one a ground generated here they use propane and propane burners bird acetone with a solution of civil iodine and some other compounds.
David Delene: That are in there.
David Delene: and
David Delene: use, and this is the burning part of it, and then we added this.
David Delene: Usually is open on the bottom you suck the air off through a sticker big propane burner is very hot, of course, but they have these all control now guy.
David Delene: Control control it from his iPhone you can watch these brain on the mountains, you know what's happening, you can look at the flow weight how fast you're burning the solution.
David Delene: and
David Delene: So we were burned up different for weights and different types of solutions.
David Delene: So they set these up and in the mountain area, so a lot of times you can't get there you have to take snowmobiles.
David Delene: and put them there, so we just had this blower system that we, we would sample off.
David Delene: Of the stack instead of just recently.
David Delene: And then, of course, the other one is that he is a polar as I showed you.
David Delene: Before.
David Delene: And it's a Christian, if this is like a.
David Delene: zoomed up image, maybe next year I have my own I had some pictures before, but I didn't put them on here, but we can look at the Christian structure of these.
David Delene: This is a the activity, this is a what a bit confusing.
David Delene: plot here in terms of.
David Delene: it's showing two different things, it shows the.
David Delene: The particles per liter here which goes up here.
David Delene: In this axis here and in simultaneous 3D measured ice in a location so.
David Delene: We did this also.
David Delene: And it's easier to get the the measurements of these large concentrations of particles, then these low concentrations ice crystals.
David Delene: Because you don't have a very big sample via so that's why they have these peaks and drops here.
David Delene: This one's a little bit more consistent.
David Delene: But there's also tells you that not order as new growth form.
David Delene: You know a lot of ice roads, so it means the big ones.
David Delene: And I showed you the video before where we put these in a proud Chamber how about a drop with, and then they make the ice can see that decrease of the ice so increasingly is in decrease of the water.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: The idea is how many participants, we have to have to activate enough as part of course you have to have them contact or emerged into the ice crystals and not all of them do so.
David Delene: And then, this is at 20 minus 20 Celsius.
David Delene: See how efficient, they are producing the ice porticoes.
David Delene: So the generators, you need to design now have something to produce the seeding particles.
David Delene: So it can either be liquid of sour and you can dispense the.
David Delene: The powder, if you want.
David Delene: to know like bread.
David Delene: Do this one already or maybe I went over this one already sorry.
David Delene: I need this.
David Delene: I need to figure out.
David Delene: Yes.
Okay.
David Delene: where we are.
David Delene: But let's start here i'm emceeing this slide yep.
David Delene: liquid use acetone for hot flame.
David Delene: So you need to carry this in the solution, so this is one of.
David Delene: The burdens, we have on the aircraft and.
David Delene: We use one of these burners of what a bit and they make a video of a.
David Delene: Nice sort of video show you have burden.
David Delene: deacon bernie's underground I mean have every night, and you have to night it just like you would have that kind of your.
David Delene: Barbecue your paint Barbecue at the meetup electric and neither to an ids so that's one of the things you keep them clean and make sure they're good night.
David Delene: The other one is.
David Delene: You can use pile techniques.
David Delene: fancy name for the whereas because there.
David Delene: They burn So these are some words actually burn in here, and you usually see the smoke from the brain.
David Delene: This burden phrase ones or the long stick ones, and then there's injectables which kind of go out of the frame and.
David Delene: ignite and spread it over an area.
David Delene: So then, once you use you put on the bottom of planes so.
David Delene: That can be advantageous particularly want to get up high and fast, I think there was a question earlier about like the citation jet there's some advantages to having a fast airplane ticket to this material of these locations.
David Delene: faster than when a slow it aircraft.
David Delene: Particularly when it's.
David Delene: The system is developed very quickly.
David Delene: Whereas a burn hot 2000 degrees Celsius.
David Delene: Sorry, to vaporize.
David Delene: A quick record form soured particles, with a large number.
David Delene: That was a problem with SAP when these.
David Delene: We had to dilute the the air streams because they generate millions of powder particles per really small area, so instead of having 10,000 of them, we have 10 million.
David Delene: The instruments don't like that to get clogged up.
David Delene: But once they get built in the.
David Delene: generating the forensic stick together collaborate to form larger particles.
David Delene: and
David Delene: You know it's correct ration and you can put them out and spread them out a very large numbers of these articles, but it's also how many of these you have that weird what you want, which is a large audience, so they do increase it.
David Delene: In inside so ideas that small ones we don't do anything more than what's naturally they're the big ones that may change and are important.
David Delene: Common materials.
David Delene: there's usually an oxidizer that's in the where's.
David Delene: there's a.
David Delene: Something to heat and burn it.
David Delene: And Different materials in there and.
David Delene: One of the things I want to do in my research is we're going to add that Indian tribe chloride.
David Delene: To the first for a tracer for Indian tracing.
David Delene: so that you can add other materials to the forest so that's what we did.
David Delene: Two summers ago.
David Delene: This we would burn some for so we want to try it out again and see if we can find a plumes in the crowd.
David Delene: What a researcher craft above our senior crowd and see what's actually happening.
David Delene: Oh, I would mention a distribution distributions and the size of the clouds and we need to understand the natural process in different areas, and how the CDMA effect that.
David Delene: particle yields.
David Delene: As the collaboration, sometimes.
David Delene: Which for it's a stickiness once you generate them you got them in very high concentration so.
David Delene: If you put them in there.
David Delene: You know it's not good to have a lot of preparation for the small ice Nick dry, but for the highest cockpit particles, you want to get them small and Craig rate to make the big ones and that's some of the secret I think in terms of.
David Delene: better for us versus other ones you don't want to burn one once produce a base.
David Delene: lot of very small particles.
David Delene: You want to have more of an efficient burning process that burn bigger.
David Delene: particles.
David Delene: Some numbers.
David Delene: cloudy Craig ration this means kind of ECHO randomness random movement of the particles.
David Delene: And then you can see, you have different diameters of the particles.
David Delene: So concentrations are.
David Delene: given by an.
David Delene: function diameter.
David Delene: You want a lot.
David Delene: Of these big.
David Delene: super micron articles, but.
David Delene: One of the things you have to get that as like 1% of the particles that you release.
David Delene: To try to get the numbers bigger.
David Delene: So efficiency number of particles per agi produced in ice crystals I given temperature.
David Delene: So this changes with temperatures and somewhat difficult.
David Delene: To test because it's hard to know how many initially making.
David Delene: In terms of the.
David Delene: ice Nick Greg is such a big concentration.
David Delene: it's.
David Delene: hard to measure so high.
David Delene: So you have to dilute it, you have to measure dilution, but this is what we do in lab Chamber type our experiments see how efficient, it is.
David Delene: What makes that what particles that activates to.
For this.
David Delene: So yields, here are some years for number of.
David Delene: grams.
David Delene: per agi.
David Delene: In terms of this and you can see, the main thing is, you know you get these orders of magnitude.
David Delene: You know you go up from.
David Delene: Six degrees, you had was 11 but you go up to eight, and you get you know, two orders of magnitude higher, then you go up to 10 and again another order magnitude higher so think about this in terms of the crowds right if you can go up to minus 10.
David Delene: You know it's you know 10,000 times better.
David Delene: than if you have minus six so you want to you know, but is the cloud there you know if the cloud only reaches up to minus six so you have.
David Delene: Okay, if you get to minus 12 it kind of levels off so a lot of times you try to get right near the COPs of the clouds because that's where it is most effective as long as.
David Delene: You know you have found at that level.
David Delene: So you can look at how many ice crystals per.
David Delene: kilogram cheerio.
Is the least.
David Delene: So activity, you would like to have something that uses a lot of them at the warm temperatures.
David Delene: form the ice crystal.
David Delene: deposition conversation or freezing contact.
David Delene: type of freezing so they get them into the dropbox first and then you can have the drop with fleas.
David Delene: So that's The other thing sometimes you want to you know if you add the agi to material at the code base.
David Delene: Once it gets up there, and be in the.
David Delene: In the drop, so you form the ice crystals.
David Delene: So you can you know see from crowd base about the updrafts bring them up, as opposed to seeing them right when you have the super cold water.
David Delene: So deposition.
David Delene: Usually requires a snake very effective only at cold temperatures so.
David Delene: kind of condensation of freezing well to be effective.
David Delene: So, and then your contact.
David Delene: type A new creation.
David Delene: requires high concentrations to act.
David Delene: So typically the ag eyes are thought to act as kind of station where they do both condensation and contact type of freezing and you can look and see how effective it is for for these i'm looking at the.
David Delene: activation in new crouching does it activate as a contact or as a conversation friesen mechanism.
David Delene: Both reason nucleus means all.
David Delene: So that's the activation for minute particles.
David Delene: So I guess i'll think about this too much, but you can deactivate not make them so effective.
David Delene: Loss of new creation ability.
David Delene: With sunlight usually you don't have that around with frozen storms.
David Delene: The solutions could the activate days to try, so you want to always protect.
David Delene: Your material.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: For the Association for the activation of agi will expose.
David Delene: On gases.
David Delene: And pure silver is not effective, is degrading a silver iodide so you don't want to wake the portico software movie rights so.
David Delene: So radiation can associate that.
David Delene: But usually don't have that problem when you don't want to read this stuff outside and expose it.
David Delene: As a couple more activation way speed of new creation is critical.
David Delene: Rates a function of the formulation temperature brick and water contact queasiness.
David Delene: condensation of weakness fastest.
David Delene: If you can get it condensed into a particular xp quick week you don't have to wait till it impacts, with a contact.
David Delene: And I think.
David Delene: They have a couple comparisons.
David Delene: Of.
David Delene: How activates at different temperatures.
David Delene: Little yes, the difference here to see in this diagram in terms of the.
David Delene: Different concentrations on the dots.
80%.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: 90% activation time for a couple materials.
David Delene: And you can look at these in the lab and i'm trying to hurry up so we're finished I just put up the key some ways.
David Delene: Efficiency activity activation rate speed of activation is the rate activity number of active ice new threads a function of temperature.
David Delene: and number of active ice per gram of seating material.
David Delene: So efficiency is number per gram all effective is that.
David Delene: activity is how it affects with temperature.
David Delene: we've got up there, and you guys go and start working on your homework assignment.
David Delene: Which ask you the questions up to today.
David Delene: My wife's Father as well yeah.
David Delene: I just wanna let you know that all for the test i'm actually here.
David Delene: earlier.
David Delene: Maybe on we get on the phone and say.
David Delene: yeah so the best is to even do that 12:30pm Tuesday.
David Delene: is probably the best I got, five, six and 1230 about after this class yeah yeah Okay, so if you can find on doing it yeah the Tuesday after this class Tuesday after the test yeah.
David Delene: remind me.