At all yeah we're just.
David Delene: out of pocket.
David Delene: or multiple choice final.
David Delene: Maybe.
David Delene: do that.
David Delene: let's see how that goes.
David Delene: we're gonna play it by ear yeah.
David Delene: yeah.
anyway.
yeah.
Nice.
David Delene: hey I got.
David Delene: A loop here.
David Delene: Outside I thought i'd show today.
David Delene: Since sense.
David Delene: Everybody had to put up with the rain and.
David Delene: Ship station, we just saw snow right yeah.
David Delene: So I got a $6 loop here with.
David Delene: The virus mcqueen's with the high reflectivity here, and you can see that.
David Delene: there's a low pressure, probably, that this is wrapping around and.
David Delene: So far, we've got some more heavy rain and what a bit with the Green.
David Delene: So you know about 30 db db for activity it's indicating that there's probably rain on the ground.
David Delene: So big areas of light rain there to get us started.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: Any questions look at the radar data time.
to that.
David Delene: URL.
David Delene: well.
David Delene: Maybe some because they did look at.
David Delene: You know, urban effects and as to urban effects for cities there's one is that you're changing them and cover.
David Delene: And the second one is should change in the aerosols that are there.
David Delene: And so they both can have an influence so.
David Delene: You can look at stuff when they reduced aerosols do to clean air act and stuff downwind cities that seemed to have an effect on the.
David Delene: precipitation in terms of a climatology but the urban heat he didn't have the surface is a big effect and typically that.
David Delene: I think the the variances that's more dominant than the aerosol effects so but, that being said, fargo is a what a bit small and you know what a big crowd cover so my answer that what a bit.
David Delene: But.
David Delene: I don't think anybody to study the executive fargo.
David Delene: And sometimes it's What about downwind to that they take some time so like when you do the crowd scene, it takes time for it to affect that.
David Delene: But that's a good question any other questions all right Oh, we know G line.
David Delene: Okay let's see i'm trying to get the.
David Delene: I did this.
David Delene: We talked about the exam on Thursday, since a few people weren't here last week and have to take it, and so we talked about a Thursday day i'm going to talk about.
David Delene: We talked about fog if the men last week on Tuesday, no i'm going to talk about lightning suppression hurricane modification and then I put the the topics.
David Delene: For the rest of the.
David Delene: kind of the Semester.
David Delene: At least a tentative plan for what they are.
David Delene: However, i'm not sure I can do to a day on each one of these so and then I also want to talk a little bit more about the the actual radar and.
David Delene: Some projects because they have on our radar data from Bowman, that I want to show you guys some selected cases.
David Delene: And then i'm 21st we have Dan brothers from the.
David Delene: Nothing the quarter by just going to come up talk about record keeping and the system for that, and remember how important that is because that's what a federal requirements for what a modification so.
David Delene: So basically a couple more of these and then we'll get into how you dispense materials and then how you actually do the operations in terms of using radars forecast and.
David Delene: have them.
David Delene: So what do that and I have.
David Delene: Quite a few videos now I posted up on, so I have this nice link here if you've got nothing else to do if we get watching TV she just go through and watch all these cool videos.
David Delene: see if I can pull this one up.
David Delene: we're going to talk about lightning today.
David Delene: and
David Delene: see if I.
David Delene: So this is a.
David Delene: link to a pretty recent animation of a lightning flash.
David Delene: recorded by radio telescope network.
David Delene: Each of the dots is a radio source so when you have lightning.
David Delene: Has.
David Delene: A big.
David Delene: mission, so we recommend attic raves that you can pick up in the radio frequency range.
David Delene: And so.
David Delene: This is a huge.
David Delene: I don't chain of flashes.
David Delene: That extends only.
David Delene: huge area, like many states.
David Delene: Five kilometers yeah.
David Delene: But it shows you the.
David Delene: I don't know this kind of the nature of how these.
David Delene: grow and.
David Delene: evolve in terms of once you get the lightning to.
David Delene: take off and moves.
David Delene: In kind of a random.
David Delene: Growth like fashion so.
David Delene: So that's a good introduction to.
David Delene: Our topic today.
David Delene: Which is.
David Delene: lightning suppression.
David Delene: There we go so here's my picture of it.
David Delene: Five kilometer right yep.
David Delene: And so we're going to talk about lightning lightning suppression.
David Delene: So started what is lightning.
David Delene: for electricity.
David Delene: In the air so.
David Delene: it's the same interest for us to run our rights.
David Delene: Well, not exactly because it's not alternating current um.
David Delene: So normally the air is.
David Delene: Not a conductor, so you don't have electricity or electrons or charges to be able to move.
David Delene: Through the air.
David Delene: However, if the retrofit is large enough direct trans then recharge can pull away from nuclei of molecules.
David Delene: and become a conductive medium so.
David Delene: So what this means is you have.
David Delene: No basic thing about science, you should always know everything's made of atoms.
David Delene: With the positive choice in the middle and the restaurant or went on the outside, so you can change and pull these electrons away from the atoms and create an electric field.
David Delene: So that's the starting point, you know, an electric field is a force.
David Delene: For that, and the rhetoric field forces is huge compared to the gravitational force okay.
David Delene: So basic physics know.
David Delene: So if you're going to have.
David Delene: lightning where you conduct electricity, you have to cause the rhetoric breakdown of the hair.
David Delene: change in the air from a non productive to a conductor.
David Delene: And for this to happen as a field strength of about three times tend to six votes per meter.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: pulses of potential and how much potential you have for area or sorry per linked.
David Delene: And so, if you have water droplets this can be reduced.
David Delene: To one I just tend to.
David Delene: tend to the sixth.
David Delene: And you know, then we have a big number here doesn't work out well because we're using kind of.
David Delene: boats and meters, which are your.
David Delene: Basic measurements, so a lot of times you talking to terms of kill volts.
So.
David Delene: Omega boats.
David Delene: So what's really interesting i'm going to too much of a details.
David Delene: But we've been.
David Delene: studying this this electric field we actually have on the citation for first time when I was.
David Delene: In my capex project in Florida, we put electric field meals on there, these are instruments on the aircraft that can measure the electric field.
David Delene: And so, when we farm on the thunderstorms we can actually get a measurement of what directed field is they also have these underground a lot of times you can measure them, but there is a.
David Delene: Fair weather.
David Delene: Electric field from the ionosphere down to the earth's surface Okay, and so on the earth's surface.
David Delene: it's conductive out of electrons are there, and so this is one reason we caught earth's surface of ground is, we have all these electrons in there is an infinite source of electrons so that's what a ground that's right, so you can always pull electrons over there.
David Delene: So, but you need a common balancing ionosphere source so about 50 kilometers up.
David Delene: there's a positive one.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And if you have the spirit of field.
David Delene: wondering where well, maybe I repeat myself.
David Delene: The idea is that you have to get this potential, but you can keep building up this charge.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: The.
David Delene: To not build up the charge.
David Delene: Do you know what is the mechanism to transfer charge between the two.
David Delene: it's the thunderstorms yeah so because we got to discharge that and, since these are conductive.
David Delene: it's all the same, all across the private.
David Delene: So this electric field has to stabilize and you can actually see it's one of the phenomenon that is synchronous all across the planet so same time every day you actually have.
David Delene: A change in a fear whatever record feel has to do with them the.
David Delene: You know, it goes up and down by the number of storms that occur in the day, or no day night cycle.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: charged distribution in a thunderstorm.
David Delene: So typically this is your typical charge distribution thanks to know offer this.
David Delene: nice little effect here, and so you have the negative charge for the fairweather but underneath the storms, you get this positive charge near the ground near the bottom and storms, when a negative charge and the positive charge so.
David Delene: The time this works, a little different so.
David Delene: And you can others say maybe I skip over my next one.
David Delene: You can have different.
David Delene: charges in the summer stock, you can have the.
David Delene: For what we call.
David Delene: Distribution in the in the storms, you can have negative over positive positive or negative, or what this is your more typical positive negative when it would have positive on the bottom, so the charge and the bottom is less.
David Delene: Which is symbolized by the number of for us signs with lots of positive charge up higher so.
David Delene: make my my skip the next one, because.
David Delene: i'm like how I fixed my graphics.
David Delene: So how do you get charged separation what causes.
David Delene: charge two separate.
David Delene: And this is hard.
David Delene: To understand the process because it's very quick it's somewhat difficult to measure and it doesn't occur very much so, there are a number of theories and they've studied this for quite a while, but it's not a.
David Delene: Not a solved problem.
David Delene: And we probably have a combination of bunch of theories so we'll talk about two of them convection and the miraculous effects.
David Delene: So convection is your thunderstorms.
David Delene: We need to separate charge.
David Delene: For electric fields.
David Delene: So there are a number of free ions ions are a positive charge yes.
David Delene: yeah he didn't charge or.
David Delene: Basically, you need clouds to do this in ice in the cloud so chores separation is when you don't have.
David Delene: neutral charge, you have to have an area of positive charge an area of negative so that's where you separate the charges, you know so because.
David Delene: This is kind of hard to think about this, because if you have question minus this should go together and cancel each other out.
David Delene: Okay, so it's hard to get this.
David Delene: charge to be separate because they want to be together.
David Delene: Okay So how do you do this because that's what you really need to form a strong magnetic field, because if you have that choice separation, you get a big record field, and then you can have the breakdown.
David Delene: Two cards The lightning and occurred before.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: You know how do we separate, how do we get these clouds.
David Delene: with different charges in now i'm showing you how they kind of typically are, but how does this happen.
David Delene: Is a question and what's the mechanism, because we, we have to understand you know with all these.
David Delene: Modification Techniques we try to go and understand the physical principal what's happening so that then we can figure out how we can change it, how we can modify it we don't understand it's kind of hard to put a technique into context.
David Delene: We ions are ions are either plus and minus charge.
David Delene: In the air.
David Delene: And they usually come.
David Delene: From cosmic rays that come into the atmosphere.
David Delene: So someone want to explain what a cosmic radius.
David Delene: Some way yeah it's light it's the recommend I guarantee it's just very high electromagnetic energy.
David Delene: i'm trying to think a lot of times, I think that the very highest cosmic rays sources of research, I think.
David Delene: or not.
David Delene: From the sun is extra set right so um so they're very high energy, though, and that's The important thing, and they rain down on the atmosphere so.
David Delene: They can straight molecules um as they go through, they can accept these molecules in the atmosphere.
David Delene: They have these.
David Delene: A lot of times.
David Delene: The astronomers they have to show.
David Delene: The detectors and stuff in the caverns and stuff to get away from all these cosmic rays.
David Delene: But they are high enough energy that they can break the.
David Delene: electrons loose from Adams form of positive and negative charge so there's a lot of choice or Brown.
David Delene: So there's a lot of charge that occurred, but then the point is how did they should we combine so.
David Delene: So this is what.
David Delene: is given here.
David Delene: You can have this electric field come in.
David Delene: and
David Delene: You can get a encouraged with this fair weather electric field but that current is.
David Delene: From positive to negative and is one that forms and the fair, whether it comes down and I don't want goes back up so you have to complete the circuit okay you can't.
David Delene: So that's why this Farid protein conditions that occur to.
David Delene: To keep.
David Delene: This imbalance of the charges.
David Delene: to occur to keep up a big it's a big potential voltage difference between the ionosphere and inner surface so but it's.
David Delene: Not a lot of current.
David Delene: That force, except for when you have big.
David Delene: lightning disorders.
David Delene: So that's the source of the Ion, so I am making separate to charges and then the other thing I have here, but a point thing is when the charges on a small I honest very small usually ions are.
David Delene: electrons for your restaurants or.
David Delene: Maybe I a single hydrogen atom that's positively charged they're pretty small and then they're very mobile they move around la.
David Delene: Once they get on aerosols, the bigger the rest mobile and then, once they get into crowds droplets and water to get even West and West mobile, so the mobility, how fast they move and how fast, they can we combine depends on the.
David Delene: The size of what that attached to so you can have anything can be positive and negatively charged so.
David Delene: But that's how you get the fairweather electric field, and you can measure you can put out measure what directed feel it is.
David Delene: On their surface.
David Delene: And you can measure this over time, people have done this.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: If you get this ions in the atmosphere on this fairfield you could get this upward motion that gets carried in a convective self under filter you get a lot of these positive charges near the surface, that get carried up in the address.
David Delene: and
David Delene: And then go on to what happens once it rises up into the crowd.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: As a crowd continues to grow and develops an inner core.
David Delene: of positive charge and outer core negative charge one So if you kind of get this positive charge it gets in the upper upper part of the.
David Delene: crowd.
David Delene: and
David Delene: It can attract in the native charges to you outside.
David Delene: Okay, so remember if this charge gets into the crowd drop within it can last longer.
David Delene: It gets originally created by the like cosmic rays.
David Delene: So you can have this.
David Delene: The outer parts tend to move downward because that's where you have the entrainment where you have the big off drops in the middle, so they tend to rise.
David Delene: To get this, so the end result.
David Delene: is a key ratio of negative charges database.
David Delene: and
David Delene: The positive charges up in the upper part of the crowd.
David Delene: So that's one way, and then you can get a negative, you know you can have this.
David Delene: Positive charges kind of coming into well, so it depends, you have the you know, plus minus and then maybe I would have been more positive on the bottom.
David Delene: And it takes the barbarian the crossfit disappear to dissipate because it gets attracted on to the Hydra media's.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: i'm thermoelectric affecting ice so once you get these particles, one of the things that you have to have then for the lightning you get the ice form in the cloud So if you ever see lightning that's always an indication that this ice.
David Delene: In the clouds.
David Delene: So we look at what the water molecules in the ice tended to do and that's the decision associate in the positive and negative ions so usually you know, water is h2o you have us.
David Delene: H and minus voyage.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So the positive ions have greater mobility than the negative ones so remember, I said that positive.
David Delene: And the mobility so i'm using another term here mobility that's how much they they can move.
David Delene: around you know, so if they're on a lighter.
David Delene: substance.
David Delene: Like hydrogen is very light so let's have a mobile Okay, think of more mass it gets less and less mobile.
David Delene: OK, so the O H is less mobile.
David Delene: than the positive ones.
David Delene: And it's by a factor of 10.
David Delene: So this look at the mass of the of the two, which is somewhat the mobility.
David Delene: And then, this.
David Delene: Then it also depends on temperature, I had a temperature created his association.
David Delene: So if you get this hot.
David Delene: temperature.
David Delene: You get rest association, so this is one reason why warmer temperatures, where you have ice, you can get higher electric fields.
David Delene: And it gets colder you have less mobility rest of it, the main thing is, you get this association of the positive negative charges on the ice for.
David Delene: i'm.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So we look at the temperature gradient this is really in terms of.
David Delene: What the mobility on the ice crystals in terms of temperature gradients.
David Delene: One side to call side.
David Delene: The course I will be positive So where do we find ice with a strong temperature gradient.
David Delene: So an answer the question here is please and droplets.
David Delene: Okay, so in a drop it's a free, you know, going from liquid to ice does a strong temperature gradient in that.
David Delene: process.
David Delene: So the ice, you know either buy ice cream in the outside, you saw the videos before remember how you sada ice trees from one location, so it doesn't freeze the whole drop, but at the same time, you know if you have a nice neat graphic hit the outside of the.
David Delene: FSA what's the type of ice new greater impact seo side.
David Delene: Contact yeah there you go contact is the cause it to thought the fees and outside you get this show alone this liquid warmer Center so you can get these temperature differences and so that can result in.
David Delene: Differences in charge.
David Delene: So it's very hard.
David Delene: To measure right these charges on the actual ice crystals.
David Delene: So the ice freezes remember we had them bottles and stuff you can freeze it expands.
David Delene: And you can cause winters.
David Delene: And so you can get the splinters or at least ice particles that can carry weight and charge afford in the updrafts so splinter them.
David Delene: form a particular ice crystals that can carry weight of charge, and then the liquid drop was.
David Delene: Can we mean.
David Delene: When we see have these ice particles that will take away to charge and wise.
David Delene: So that's one one theory is how you get these when you have the freeze and drop, which is a lot of other ones to get the.
David Delene: electrification or electric fields and the crowds.
David Delene: But ice is required, and this is still an active area of research for doing this, so you got to get these charge separations is stronger actor field, and then you have to have this week down.
David Delene: or this current deck is charge cards by that.
David Delene: This charge separation, so that we get lightning.
David Delene: And this two main things that happened is a step later writing in.
David Delene: And the crowd is Asian channel varitek art.
David Delene: it's invisible or this fake be movement essence branches out and it's low current So this is the.
David Delene: First part you know you have this leader that goes from the negative to the positive choice areas, for example.
David Delene: We need a crowd.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And then.
David Delene: After you get the step wieder you can have a return stroke for the lightning.
David Delene: connects these regions of awkward charge, and so this is that what's very visible.
David Delene: tiger crowd to ground.
David Delene: You can get currents of 20 at 20,000 Apps.
David Delene: And in cloud it's 2000 So the answer is a flow of electricity for George so that's what's we can hurt you.
David Delene: So voltage differences don't hurt you is the floor, the electricity.
David Delene: That causes damage or stopping of that a lot of times you stop that for.
David Delene: And it heats up area, so these can temperatures.
David Delene: 50,000 degrees high pressures.
David Delene: So this is quite the.
David Delene: phenomenon.
David Delene: for having.
These.
David Delene: hottest place on earth it's in the lightning strike said right you think of any press harder.
David Delene: Oh, and now we got a video here, let me interrupt by going into.
David Delene: Since we got all these cool videos.
David Delene: I gotta do this every time I do, that I got my.
David Delene: Page goes away so how about a quarter.
David Delene: And I think what I did here is I just next one.
David Delene: hi.
David Delene: This one just says a need, where to search engine so once you get through all my videos you can go on here and I just make this big this is this advertisement but they have a search engine for all types of cool graphics and this isn't what I like is the lightning.
David Delene: They do all of these time lapse.
David Delene: videos.
David Delene: And they show a lot of different sunrises dorms but.
David Delene: They have tons and tons of videos on this site like these updrafts for the crowds movement of the crowds.
David Delene: The connective tissue we see the connected roles.
David Delene: So a lot of lightning shots anyway, try to take lightning pictures before.
David Delene: what's the secret to taking a lightning pitcher video screenshot.
David Delene: Of that works too.
David Delene: yeah.
David Delene: yeah so you always recorded it and just keep it before you have these fancy video recorders Mr we just have these cameras take pictures on my right picture.
David Delene: The other way to do it is just do a very long time lapse.
David Delene: yeah just need to shut it off and then close it lets you see the lightning right because he needed dark did offices so.
David Delene: That was a question, or they did.
That.
David Delene: yeah long exposures.
David Delene: not sure which one, that is, you know, I think that.
David Delene: I like the.
David Delene: I like the memphis here on the thunderstorm and most of the downdraft we see the clouds you see them a restaurant, these are the rising crowds see these ones, you can see underneath the animal that they can have its downward motion there.
David Delene: Then we already talked about the hell.
and
David Delene: yeah what a thing with hard work, tomatoes.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: Lots of cool is.
David Delene: That right now.
David Delene: So lots of cool things you can have now with the cameras.
David Delene: So they are pensive shots if you put in.
David Delene: A search for all kinds of different.
David Delene: lightning videos and.
David Delene: So they got TV ones.
David Delene: So.
I don't see this one, but.
David Delene: See the crowd crowd.
David Delene: shots in the lightning.
David Delene: down.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: Point objects.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: So you can watch all types of videos there.
Oh.
David Delene: So any questions, I mean it's kind of a.
David Delene: You know not too well, but you know you need to have chores separation creative electric field.
David Delene: ISIS involved, and then you have to neutralize that charge for having a current go from high to low from the positive to negative or negative to positive so each one of the thrashes is one way or the other, and then you have crashes between the crowds or from the crowd crowd.
David Delene: crowd of ground, you have a higher.
David Delene: Current so.
David Delene: And what's your chance to get a hit by writing and make one in 3 million, or something.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So cooker nice for the picture there that you can see, in.
David Delene: It we got hit on an aircraft three or four times when i've been fine.
David Delene: that's very funny when you have heavy hands on the throttle the pilots does and it feels lightning or the electricity goes to the airplane.
David Delene: Is Hannah but typically airplanes on that damage too much zero conductive when you stop the flow so work and positive type of of airplanes are more dangerous.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: let's think about possible lightning modification methods.
David Delene: And we can have, how can we change or modify this.
David Delene: process.
David Delene: decrease efficiency of charge mechanism.
David Delene: Increased conductivity of the storm, so you don't have so much of.
David Delene: A distribution of the.
David Delene: Separation of the charges.
David Delene: block the triggering mechanism.
David Delene: Discharge crowds at a control rate Okay, so we kind of need to have this mechanism.
David Delene: Because you have this voltage difference, so you know you can't stop it all together, but you could control it.
David Delene: And we use it, at least in the one local area so it's a global.
David Delene: Electrical phenomenon lightning.
David Delene: But the charge in this particular lightning in particular storm, we made some progress.
David Delene: So the idea is most prominent says is increasing conductivity of storms and dish and then you have a discharge of the more forward rate.
David Delene: So this.
David Delene: conductivity is a flow of electrons you know don't get these big.
David Delene: breakdowns but have more of a troll.
process.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: Modification lightning experiments.
David Delene: So there was one research project projects guy fire.
David Delene: That was done to try to work out this sponsored by the for service.
David Delene: In Montana, and the late 60s early 70s.
David Delene: So, why would a for service kind of be interested in lightning suppression or.
David Delene: force and they kill.
David Delene: stars forest fires yeah so someone had to check this fact, for me, but.
David Delene: Before we had all those cities and everything that reason you have a big prairies out to the West was because of the storms would burn out of trees, so that me praise all wet out in the prairies with Burma every three or four years.
David Delene: Since an awful lot, but the the trees would just not be able to survive because they wouldn't be able to grow big enough because of all.
David Delene: of US burned into your life, so now we call her baby suppress the fires.
David Delene: But this one, and how much smoke from them verifiers was you know hundreds and hundreds of years ago, before we had a lot of farming and stuff so, so we should check that Am I right.
David Delene: fairies have lots of fireworks naturally.
David Delene: So let's take a little bit deeper or repeat this again.
David Delene: You know why do these charges remain separate into crowds it's.
David Delene: It attaches to the Hydra media's to the eyes to the to the water droplets and then they move relatively slow.
David Delene: So they move us slowly, then, if they are just not ions so that has to be a test question there in terms of big.
David Delene: articles.
David Delene: versus small ions small H plus.
David Delene: I have.
David Delene: An eye on anything that's charge that has a net positive and negative charge.
David Delene: Of.
David Delene: Its charter shoe not attracted.
David Delene: Current would fall much more rapidly and it's charge wouldn't be neutralize so.
David Delene: You know more positive centers you can neutralize the charges better.
David Delene: Is that is kind of the theory.
David Delene: Hopes wrong way so.
David Delene: You can get the plus and minus charges, and you can get this discharge between them, when you get a high enough feel so.
David Delene: So how do you get free ions in the crowd.
David Delene: The ideas at some point objects into the cloud.
David Delene: should produce three ions and should reduce the amount of charts separation so.
David Delene: More point.
David Delene: objects.
David Delene: To kind of reduce this.
David Delene: This charge separation.
David Delene: We are chaff, this conductive material to reflects well on the radar.
David Delene: We can put that into calls we sometimes students to look at areas that we can see on radios and trace them to the cow.
David Delene: And the I don't want to ice crystals so we come back to.
David Delene: Trying to increase ice crystals when he is eating this the idea.
David Delene: Where this So the idea is to get more.
David Delene: areas for the charge to occur get more ice crystals in the crowds.
David Delene: Are area and that might affect the amount of lightning in the cloud.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: i'm.
David Delene: So they try to do this use a variety of seating techniques and quantities of agi.
David Delene: They could have the largest cgi was most effective.
David Delene: So they did try a lot of different methods and when you try different methods, you can we get enough cases to statistically analyze them.
David Delene: So um.
David Delene: So you get not very good statistic results and so yeah one of these few projects and put put aside the fact that it's really not a great statistics.
David Delene: You can they have results that reduction in crowds to grow and lightning have 66% reduction in crowd to crowd lightning or 50%.
David Delene: And whole wall reductions of the.
David Delene: Of the discharge so.
David Delene: One case you had some positive results by seed in with the.
David Delene: agi to make more ice particles, what we are known as done anything, since the 1970s and it's no one, I know of that operation doing something with ice with lightning suppression.
David Delene: You.
David Delene: Basically, get the fires and.
David Delene: have to deal with them, and you know if you're concerned about the.
David Delene: The stay inside have something to discharge it for safety so.
David Delene: A neat video here.
David Delene: For but before I show you the video about triggering let me know that any questions, yes, so the method of getting free like just seeing again but is there a different strategy where Steve or like.
David Delene: i'm you know I don't think they tried different things in that experiment.
David Delene: And they don't have a.
David Delene: case you know it's.
David Delene: Again, if you could get the.
David Delene: You know, probably the same type of thing as the know waken of these water droplets.
David Delene: might make them separate more if you get a lot of ice in there, so you don't have any water carry a charge I think they just said, a whole bunch of they got the best results with the most agi.
David Delene: So just put the most in there that they could, but again it's kind of one study that was done a long time ago, and now we have verified, so you could try to try to do that, but it's the same kind of technique of senior agi to get more ice crystals so just.
David Delene: Like as a byproduct.
David Delene: And yeah I think they would you know.
David Delene: A lot of times in the normal you know for hell suppression or ran it has, if you want us to feed more this feeder cells, I think this would be you know you have to get what a bit more into.
David Delene: yeah mean graphs and stuff so but people haven't really done a whole lot of research and validation of it so there's not.
David Delene: A huge interest, except for maybe now if we stop all the fires of West of those some of them are caused by power lines and but, if not natural issues.
David Delene: But, of course.
David Delene: yeah okay so.
David Delene: Any other questions.
David Delene: keep going on, I think it's really fascinating that the big is like a big electric circuit in the atmosphere.
David Delene: On hers but.
David Delene: With this charge moving around because of the cosmic rays that initiation charges separation i'm.
David Delene: Okay, so.
David Delene: When we were going through this like we talked about how positive starts.
David Delene: ends up going back right yeah and you shoot as a negative screen and re are.
David Delene: On the outside of the crowds you know, on the edges and that's one reason make wi fi are females on the aircraft, we need to get into the clouds to mention them, because otherwise you're just mentioned the outside.
David Delene: Of the clouds you don't know how much that electric field is in the actual problem.
David Delene: i've heard a couple theories about like the collision between.
Water droplets and paste particles and how that can cause charge separation of ice bowl take the negative charge and go.
and
David Delene: go down is that is that kind of more theoretical or is that that's one of the theories and stuff so there's a lot of different ones that are still watching the investigations it's hard to know, because it's hard to measure.
David Delene: You know the individual charges, yes, and you know, like if we measure, and then we have this problem to like we mentioned a vector field like where the aircraft is but we don't know is that, like a positive one, a bomb and negative below or the opposite way.
David Delene: You know, you know.
David Delene: In terms of we get the sides of the rhetoric fields, but you only get it at one point, you know, and then they they can change around.
David Delene: So you really don't know what the charges are.
David Delene: And the fields.
David Delene: And it's hard to imagine him on the individual.
David Delene: ice particles the enchanted.
David Delene: yeah we need an instrument that does that better they have some but did not.
David Delene: And it's not.
David Delene: You know, an active area of.
David Delene: mean it is some research in it, but it's not a we've focused area yet for any one reason.
David Delene: So I think people that's What has this from like hurricanes or tornadoes a more exciting yeah and stuff, and this is, but they do have you know we present and I do have a so some other electric field work and stuff we've been talking.
David Delene: With people, and now they they have a new goes 1617 or the.
David Delene: lightning detector audit, which looks at the flashes that you can get a count them, so we get some new instruments.
David Delene: New techniques.
David Delene: Other questions.
David Delene: I was going to try to get through.
David Delene: This and see here.
David Delene: Showing another trigger video.
David Delene: walk a trigger whitening.
David Delene: This is one way study up.
David Delene: You get that that wasn't real time that is slow, it down black widow a wire launch.
David Delene: So a small rocket that they attached her with a wire.
David Delene: Currently folks who too late to the wire.
David Delene: When it hits or the rocket.
David Delene: And this is a case.
David Delene: of an anonymous one, what does it follow the wire.
David Delene: See the lightning coming back down.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So University of.
David Delene: Arizona do a lot of.
David Delene: lightning research.
David Delene: Advertisements and that was from the American geophysical Union meeting stuff they are usually have a section.
Above lightning.
David Delene: Okay, see now if we can go.
David Delene: To the other topic.
David Delene: We should have a few slides on.
David Delene: For hurricanes.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: hi dad.
David Delene: Hurricane modification, so this is.
David Delene: Big hurricane and Gulf of Mexico Katrina you see these nice from the satellite visible images from know all the Nice.
David Delene: sicker one always wanted to do a hurricane project from North Dakota because.
David Delene: You could predict pretty well.
David Delene: when and where.
David Delene: The hurricanes should be, and so you can be coming close enough but not too close, so we just wait here, then we go down the day before we want to find the hurricanes and get a.
David Delene: Airport that it's going to be relatively close but not impacted by it, so why base yourself in Florida or someplace else I think North Dakota retreat research have an aircraft base.
David Delene: And there's interest.
David Delene: As an A proposal once about flying the rain bands, as it come on shore and stuff.
David Delene: I walk penetrations.
David Delene: An interesting so.
David Delene: But rain bands and the production of how that changes when they come on short.
David Delene: is one of the areas of study, we could do.
David Delene: And this friend, no more creature if you're in.
David Delene: Eastern Pacific equities typhoons.
David Delene: Tropical waves, so this is very tropical meteorology.
David Delene: More more warm ocean waters so.
David Delene: Typically, you get the hurricanes, once the oceans warm up.
David Delene: During the summer.
David Delene: Energy comes from hate the heat release the conversation.
David Delene: They are warm core storm systems.
David Delene: So basic methodology of the the hurricanes and i've never.
David Delene: done much but hurricanes myself so.
David Delene: Besides being interested in domain formation on the main bands.
David Delene: So here's a couple diagrams of the temperature and storm structure, so we have again know this understanding the storms before we can have a method to try to modify them.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: let's see here we have the.
David Delene: The distance pressure.
David Delene: it's given here with the altitude.
David Delene: And this is a vertical cross section.
David Delene: And they put these in miles and this old diagram Center of the I wall.
David Delene: away like that the side we better in terms of.
David Delene: The these overshooting anvils the full.
David Delene: into it.
David Delene: We got a separation that go around the storm is using I that's Nice and calm then there's a walk falls spiral bands so spire bands are kind of when I think of the brain bands and are on the outside of it.
David Delene: And then.
David Delene: However, level serious.
David Delene: awful area.
David Delene: So I think we have.
David Delene: A couple.
David Delene: radar images, you can see.
David Delene: With the red sort of high reflectivity as, and these are bandage structures and you should rotate around see the higher areas, and then you can see the.
David Delene: The serious the irobot crowds for another.
David Delene: We don't do I think I have this one and.
David Delene: do that, so this is the radar I am animation.
David Delene: For that, so you can see the.
David Delene: If I can get rid of my.
David Delene: So, as we effectively values given with our scale on the right reds and yellows are more reflectivity higher rain.
David Delene: And you can see it tour was a.
David Delene: Around and then the i'm.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: project before and it can eat.
David Delene: You know, like hurricanes i'm studying my serious problems.
David Delene: So I think this is a fastest, but up.
David Delene: That shows passing key West and without Florida.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: You can see the radar.
David Delene: data for that.
David Delene: stop that.
David Delene: want to get rid of you.
David Delene: let's go back to my.
David Delene: presentation.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: Is the.
David Delene: temperature pressure when type of profiles so.
David Delene: You have distance from the storm you got the I was here you got the pressure that falls, so a lot of times you look at the Center pressure mentioned intensity of the hurricanes.
David Delene: And then you have the temperature that goes up till you get to the Center is warm core type of system and then wind speeds, so when speaking, be pretty high even far away from it, but.
David Delene: right outside I was when you get the is wins, and it is calm right in the Center.
David Delene: So lots of wins is the.
David Delene: One a key features and one of the damage and features of hurricanes, so you can see, on that palm trees here.
David Delene: The big strong when.
David Delene: But the other ones are the storm surge.
David Delene: With the the winds and the pressure changes that can have the water come into cities like New Orleans lots of rain and then the hurricane response tornadoes.
David Delene: For this, so.
David Delene: Hurricane modification, I thought this was.
David Delene: The primary so waiting, he is in I wall.
David Delene: If energy is released outside of the our firewall less will be available to go to pressure.
David Delene: So I want to expand and maximize and maximum wins will decrease.
David Delene: So see with grace JEREMY to inspire me van we we slayed the heat of fusion.
David Delene: away from the I will, so you have a lot of weight to heat, we recently storms, so you want to spread that out is kind of the idea or a hypothesis.
For.
David Delene: So, how would you do this.
David Delene: here's kind of a.
David Delene: A description of the hurricane that would be moving up in here.
David Delene: You got these rotating bands here, if you could get in a seated area here to see away from the Taiwan outside.
David Delene: Maybe get more of the energy released far away from the storm to weekend.
David Delene: So there was a project start very kind of famous for trying to do this in 1960s.
David Delene: They actually see several hurricane.
David Delene: and possible results are noted, so this is one of the pictures.
David Delene: showing the.
David Delene: The wind speed is on the y axis here, so this is.
David Delene: wind speed.
David Delene: and
David Delene: This is distance from the Center and then we're here with the dark line is before Stephen and then this is six hours after season, so we want to do is reduce the winds, because the winds are what gives you a lot of the damage right.
David Delene: So if you could spread that out.
David Delene: And we've reduced the winds.
David Delene: would be the the idea.
David Delene: And so they had a couple profiles from August 20 1969 of the way before all you have gone.
David Delene: So couple of problems was is not really that much super cold water in the hurricanes.
David Delene: The other thing is you saw somebody decreases in the wind speed, but hurricanes, naturally, go to.
David Delene: life cycle changes.
David Delene: Like those observed in that in a CD storm, so do this for a couple of storms you don't know if your changes or because of the cdn or because some auto effects.
David Delene: That weren't there so again it's hard to get enough statistics to know if it actually works.
David Delene: other ways to do this.
David Delene: cool the ocean.
David Delene: With some materials iceberg let's get rid of that hot water down there so basic hurricanes are just to transport eat from the tropics to the polls, because the Earth is not heated the same and hurricanes, is the one I made mechanisms and to get this excess heat transfer.
David Delene: retardation surfing reparation with.
David Delene: very thin films.
David Delene: Change radiation balance of the hurricane and by and by absorption of sunlight or black carbon the input some carbon to change that absorbs on some way.
David Delene: And then the ideas like Ronan overtake hydrogen bomb.
David Delene: You know what's the mg in hurricane, so we need more energy.
David Delene: We move water, so that you don't have this conversation this heat release.
David Delene: from that.
David Delene: So issues.
David Delene: Hurricane modifications during Ramadan Sigma to that's kind of all the restrooms a big far away from land, a lot of materials required and then.
David Delene: Get the idea of liability.
David Delene: also have the idea that it's can be international so what happens to Mexico, if we do something in Mexico says we started here came towards them.
David Delene: Not a lot of cases to study.
David Delene: And you know you can have some benefits of arrangement hurricanes so that's it, I will just see if I can pull up this one video.
David Delene: On here.
David Delene: which I didn't have it here.
David Delene: off here.
David Delene: So we're talking about the test and.
David Delene: watch the videos.
David Delene: well.
David Delene: Myself, I did it today so we'll see you on.
David Delene: Thursday