yeah.
sure.
David Delene: Okay, welcome to Tuesday.
David Delene: I got my projector up there.
David Delene: And I got the website.
David Delene: So we go to.
David Delene: So first question that's not related to the test is anybody remember what the predicted peak was from us Thursday for the reading over here.
David Delene: 30 coming up.
yeah.
David Delene: I heard 30 538 32.
David Delene: Now, well, it was last thursday's prediction not last tuesday's or been coming down, I remember i'm 37.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: It was supposed to be a Monday, but.
David Delene: It did the peak on Sunday only have 34 feet so.
David Delene: Point one eight, and now we gotta slow decrease so.
David Delene: You know that's above water we didn't get enough snow when it in there or is not melt into fast so.
David Delene: And then there was a couple.
David Delene: go backwards in time.
David Delene: So we can watch that decay and hopefully go down this is a second peak.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: The other thing is.
David Delene: I see if I can try this i've been showing you observations from a metro error but.
David Delene: It might be more important late on and semester we'll talk a little bit more about weight on data and how you use that in operations to guide the aircraft so.
David Delene: And since we might get some whether.
David Delene: I show you.
David Delene: This works yeah so.
David Delene: When you were in the.
David Delene: The operations Program.
David Delene: They have see bad radars, this is a type of radar at Bowman and Stanley.
David Delene: Because it's not a lot of national weather service data coverage there and.
David Delene: And they just that data and it's a program called titan which is for storm tracking that they use a lot of the new version is called algos titan.
David Delene: And so, this is the same program that I have you run into one of my computers and it goes and gets the national weather service radar data which you can see, this some the sort of holes here is right around the radar.
David Delene: And let me see if I can refresh this.
David Delene: So if you see to the time loops here, and you see it's on the 29th today and then it's 17 and it's updated.
David Delene: Every may catch the update time there.
David Delene: Often, is it updated.
David Delene: see that.
David Delene: Five minutes.
David Delene: And then you can see how these storms, with the high reflectivity which is given with this coma scale here, so these are the higher reflectivity values.
David Delene: And you see how the storms are moving.
David Delene: And the clouds so that's on my if you're interested.
David Delene: I have this loop for North Dakota on my observational page at the bottom, so you can go to the last hour and just get.
David Delene: This updated.
looks different.
David Delene: yeah I gotta refresh it so just last hours loop or just avast we just image and they do the same thing for the Stanley and bombing radar standards awkward and all the time now, so I asked what I showed you last week and lana nations as a standard me.
David Delene: radar data, this is a composite from many different radars.
David Delene: And if someone's of big.
David Delene: theological.
David Delene: I don't know.
David Delene: what's the word very enthusiastic and you rate your radar data I can.
David Delene: give you the software show you how to install it so you can get your radar data, I have a nice little.
David Delene: Virtual machine and it's all set up that you can render.
David Delene: to grab the and look at the.
David Delene: foreman radar from our summer so we're looking at that now they got that set up I show you some of the radar maybe has busy come back and talk about some of the storms are somewhere, we can look at the radar data and see the freight tracks so.
David Delene: And we'll be talking about radar data before so if you're interested in you want to look at somebody else's radar data, you can do that talk me out the crafts or sometime if you're interested in really get into that data okay.
David Delene: I know the other thing is, if we go back to our class.
David Delene: material is, we need to have this second exam them before March ends here.
David Delene: On this Thursday.
David Delene: So we got that.
David Delene: Just like the previous one, where we use that respond this browser so bringing stuff hopefully won't have quite so many issues, this time check on your device, this is should have worked on the other two, we should be able to figure that out.
David Delene: You can have the whole period so.
David Delene: We have problems that.
David Delene: should be plenty of time.
David Delene: and
David Delene: Multiple choice test a multiple choice exam.
David Delene: questions and then I have the study guide and it's going to be comprehensive, particularly on the the last section with the aerosols.
David Delene: So we did go over that one assignment after the last exam what these aerosols so we're focused on on that section, and then I put in section two, which is our new stuff.
David Delene: For the exam so exam heavy focus is nice The other thing, so I might want to check this if you got your laptop I believe it open up the exam one.
David Delene: So you can see all the questions and the answers.
David Delene: So after your assignment for Thursday so remember, we got to have them 10 questions and answers with multiple choice ones over these latest exam made his presentations do that that's, the first thing to study for.
David Delene: Then, maybe you want to go back and look at your previous questions in the previous.
David Delene: one.
David Delene: presentations like with the drop of growth ice crystal basic crowds and some questions that you made up for them.
David Delene: look out in questions, make sure you can answer them try to think of we are hard questions because i'm good at picking apart questions so.
David Delene: This will be nice and hot, so I will post, some of your your questions, and I think might not order that most students make up a few people get pretty hard questions.
David Delene: um and then I would be view back the previous exam particularly, of course, the ones that you didn't get right because, like take some questions.
Focusing most aerosols from this part, but we still expectancy question about nine hours.
David Delene: yeah but i'm probably lazy which means i'm going to take a question from the last exam.
David Delene: Okay, or something very, very similar.
David Delene: So I think you'll probably be pretty safe, if we go back over to pass the exam.
David Delene: This 90% saying.
David Delene: give you a hint.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: It probably on the order of.
David Delene: 75 questions, so I mean what a bit longer.
David Delene: People do we have a time issue last time so.
David Delene: So yeah make sure that you can answer ask them questions.
If that makes sense.
David Delene: I wouldn't necessarily have to go go over.
David Delene: You know a lot of powerpoints I would go over the tests and look at the example of.
David Delene: The questions go over that assignment we had on aerosol stuff.
David Delene: And then the study guide here is basically think about would be a question for each one of these.
David Delene: These topics so.
David Delene: um and.
David Delene: And that so.
David Delene: Does anybody have any questions about any of this stuff that you want to ask me here's confusing want me to go over again any.
David Delene: Particular.
David Delene: Questions that came up when you are studying or working on your assignment.
David Delene: One say anything.
David Delene: Yes.
David Delene: Yes, at the end of the day, so technically do it after the exam you're done other stuff, but I would suggest.
David Delene: trying to get it done before the exam because it helps you study.
David Delene: So, because that's so that's, the first thing I would do to study is complete that assignment.
David Delene: And the second thing is go back look at your previous questions that you've made off and look at your previous assignments.
David Delene: And then the third thing I would review the exam one question.
David Delene: If he did all that probably.
David Delene: Very well, for you should be able to get a bionics.
David Delene: I think.
it's.
David Delene: lobby.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: And, of course, assuming that thing is all makes sense when you do that.
David Delene: i'm.
David Delene: Sending you an email if you got any questions or consume, otherwise we can also talk a little bit before the exam if you have some questions or.
David Delene: i'll try to be around to my office before class and come hurry so.
David Delene: If you have any last minute questions that.
David Delene: No one else has any.
questions.
David Delene: See how many I can get you 75 questions to answer.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: And then we'll.
David Delene: have to cover the last third of the material we're about two thirds done and probably would have been more than two thirds into the Semester So what about behind but.
David Delene: that's all right.
David Delene: um Okay, so what I want to do today.
David Delene: Is.
David Delene: This won't be on the test.
David Delene: On Thursday, what we need to talk about fog abatement.
David Delene: or clearing of thought move or far.
David Delene: That worry suppression, but it's after forms.
David Delene: What you can do to remove it.
David Delene: Openness.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: So anybody recognize this location.
David Delene: Well yeah aerospace so.
David Delene: The buildings across the street right.
David Delene: stripe and Ryan.
David Delene: So some nice fog, and this is what we're talking about as a one of the applications to weather modification so remember we we talked about.
David Delene: precipitation augmentation snowfall increases here suppression.
David Delene: And then fog abatement.
David Delene: So again, we see a question on your third exam of all the different types of weather modification so and i've been doing a lot of research and far between.
David Delene: and wish I had more time than how you about fog, but one of the things that we do with fog, as we have instruments that measure visibility.
David Delene: So I met terror, we have a couple visibility sensors.
David Delene: and visibility is very important for of course airport landmines, because.
David Delene: You want to be able to discern objects when right is coming from the objects to your Ai right so it's a nice picture of the runway with some fog.
David Delene: And so the visibility is reduced by particles.
David Delene: Typically droplets or ice particles.
David Delene: In the atmosphere scared why.
David Delene: Does change the path of.
David Delene: Light coming from an object, so I don't use the term hide your media is here because.
David Delene: You can also have very big aerosols that have audit water associate and polluted cases that might give you something that looks like fog and sushi term Hayes.
David Delene: um but the amount of scattered portion of the size of the particle and the number so size and number when you have more of these they scattered more.
David Delene: Ah.
David Delene: And then, as you get more and more of these objects visibility to distance, you can see, goes down so we measure how many of these particles in the atmosphere, there are, and then we made that to a visibility.
David Delene: So it's a kind of an interesting way we come up with visibility, because is very visibility is what humans can see, and then we make an instrument to kind of mimic that so that we don't need people off there all the time.
David Delene: But we made it to.
David Delene: So what is far.
David Delene: As basically stratos clouds very near the ground so crowds new ground or at the crowd.
David Delene: Okay, so so far it's just the same thing as what you would have when you're fine to them up higher, but if we choose the ground.
David Delene: So this is an optical cross section of the articles that is related to the visibility.
David Delene: it's a area it's the amount of area of the particles that's important for visibility, so a lot of times we talk about number area particles and volume of the particles so visibility as you've made it to the area.
David Delene: Of the scatters.
David Delene: So, and why small particles with us because they already are more than a few big particles so in the fox the droplets of me quite small compared to some cumulus clouds so five microns.
David Delene: To 10 microns as opposed to 15 and 24 humorous type of clouds so.
David Delene: A lot of small particles really scatter a lot.
David Delene: More than a few large particles.
David Delene: But a visible light.
David Delene: So and.
David Delene: I got another series of entries here to entertain you as we go through these slides.
David Delene: So this is.
David Delene: Pictures in North Dakota and very.
David Delene: Relevant what a modification site.
David Delene: But, welcome to class to the a wheat field and I got a couple of boards, we did this last spring to get some visibility data and some camera data for the fall.
David Delene: So we've been doing some research try use imagery to come up with visibility with automatic process and routines using some machine learning Ai type of a process in which is kind of a hot topic now.
David Delene: So keep an eye on them see what happens here with the pictures.
David Delene: So covered all that.
David Delene: So far, the pavement or thought query what's the objective.
David Delene: So we want to reduce the number of fog particles.
David Delene: Because that will we do so for increase our visibility.
David Delene: We move into water from the air completely would help.
David Delene: or converting that many small particles into a few larger ones so remember, I said that you have a few larger ones they're not they don't reduce the visibility as much.
David Delene: So let's get rid of the pot of water droplets or let's make them bigger.
David Delene: So.
Most.
times.
David Delene: I skipped to my second point.
David Delene: For it at airports, we have costs for closing the airports for making the time and.
David Delene: Also harbors and other places, we have what a shipping and stuff so.
David Delene: Maybe some of you pirates in here can also tell me, you know you have the obvious case of land and but what's another.
David Delene: issue with foghat air force.
David Delene: yeah taxi and and just the ground operations right in and around so it's not just the Latin as important as all the calculations.
David Delene: For the airplanes and i've been told that that's somewhat more important, sometimes, because you can So what can you do to help if we ate some of the land and issues.
David Delene: What was the insurance purchase yeah an instrument of coaches, so you can improve.
David Delene: Your instrumentation on aircraft.
David Delene: And you know, try to mitigate that so I was stuck here in.
David Delene: fargo on December 15 and delta and united or cancel but.
David Delene: Which airport which error airline anything was the one that when it took off.
David Delene: allegiance, so I should have been on a region God some praise, but and my understanding was Maybe you can confirm this, I was told he had better instrumentation that they could land.
So.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: So I should complain as a passenger delta airlines cancel my flight you keep that he gets on your friends.
David Delene: When they just say it's it's.
David Delene: it's this weather right.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: types of fall so that's, the first thing to think about.
David Delene: Is we divide up.
David Delene: fall into three different types super cold warm and ice and what do you think these three are related to.
David Delene: temperature, yes, so.
David Delene: Warm fog is warmer than zero.
David Delene: Typically warmer in where you can use some ice nice dry super cool is something where you could apply some ice nuclei change it to face and I spot, and it was cold enough that particles.
David Delene: ice crystals.
David Delene: Instead of water droplets so man, I have any idea what type of fog is developing in my picture here.
it's.
David Delene: heard some ice anything else.
David Delene: Typically, pretty more to get my spot here.
David Delene: yeah this was slightly super cool when you make can tell.
David Delene: On this.
David Delene: i'm thinking if it wasn't not it was right near to.
David Delene: The temperature so, but you really can't tell the difference looking at a picture if it's super cool or not, you have to actually measure the temperature and in here.
David Delene: So let's try to dissipation of fog and we'll talk about the easiest type first.
David Delene: Which is super cold far.
David Delene: um so he's just a career and we assume the temperatures code and minus two.
David Delene: And the approaches to see with some grace eugenic senior material.
David Delene: So, the objective is to form ice crystals that grow rapidly.
David Delene: And that way you can evaporate the water droplets So if you get the ice particles form they get big you can evaporate the water droplets so remember that when you have the ice, it will take the water from the air and drop this will decrease in size.
David Delene: and
David Delene: You should be able to clear the fog and waiting for a nice cold day we want to try this at the fargo airport and see if we can demonstrate this with some videos and stuff we're pretty confident with this work not really a big.
David Delene: issue.
David Delene: But this have some more demonstrations of this would be nice.
David Delene: So you can use some coins substances such as dry ice or liquid propane.
David Delene: That can work at the.
David Delene: temperatures of minus for a warmer sorry my mind, is for.
David Delene: A space over there, should that be plus four is minus four cells just.
David Delene: So, yes it's not that that torches our regular work.
That propane torch.
David Delene: If it's on the North side but yeah it's raining.
David Delene: yeah so that's one of the ground seated generators, and we have one of them up on.
David Delene: Over spring break, so what I did on spring break is I work with a couple artist scientist.
David Delene: And we had a ground generated here.
David Delene: And typically around generators just have the material come up that top of them well we put in a.
David Delene: document like we have in your House, he did, and we hold that through some big fans, so we could refine what's being generated so that we can SAP oil so, then I took some my instruments and we sat for the size and concentration of what comes off.
David Delene: And they have different formulas that they use to generate the hd pro trade couple of different ones and the other thing that changes the seating rates so them are typically used for wintertime or graphical see them, but you could use something like that.
David Delene: For seen in these types of materials and who I should remind me.
David Delene: How to see if I have this video.
David Delene: I don't have a video.
David Delene: Did I have a video I should show you a bird in a Hydra Scott pick for.
David Delene: What do you think a high discomfort for do.
David Delene: In one of these.
David Delene: I should show you a video, and then you can gets me thinking.
David Delene: it's very saturated and I just got it first make a lot of small CCM.
David Delene: hey what.
David Delene: Well, not so much because it's so that's what the ice guy would do that, but the big hottest topic particles, they would just a lot of times, make a lot of additional Bob pepper particles, at least initially.
David Delene: So we made a nice, whom I made it even those whom you can see, even more so, somebody bit tricky because i'm getting into one fog now but yeah that's what they had is we have propane burners that burn acetone solution.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So you can also use agi if the temperature is a little bit colder so but we talked about minus four minus six Celsius anybody know what that is and Fahrenheit.
David Delene: got a Google.
David Delene: You know how to Google convert it real quick.
David Delene: So what's minus five Celsius to Fahrenheit you just put that into Google I.
David Delene: 23 so that's pretty cool isn't it.
David Delene: Compared to 30 to.
David Delene: Nine Fahrenheit orders.
David Delene: So, and sometimes you want to be minus 60 minutes, so you need to get pretty cold.
David Delene: Fahrenheit.
David Delene: So senior techniques.
David Delene: So Sydney can be done from the air, but it's difficult to get the city aircraft off the ground at the airport is scrolls due to the fog, but you can try to do some touching goals.
David Delene: One of the things we've been investigating the use of unmanned aircraft systems right, because if you're you want new applications new research.
David Delene: I get irritated when people just say well there's going to be cheaper that's why we should use them, but we should use on my neck out for is something that we can use manned aircraft for.
David Delene: A pilot in with people in the aircraft so being close to the ground that's difficult right for the.
David Delene: Air question so but.
David Delene: So we got permission to five some.
David Delene: Of the US in the fall.
David Delene: And we eagerly waiting to do that, but get some fog here in a row.
David Delene: But what's another thing that's an issue with.
David Delene: Trying to hurt is the two with.
David Delene: unmanned aircraft.
David Delene: You got to carry some ancient right.
David Delene: And so the regs are order enough unmanned aircraft it's.
David Delene: Technically CAP have hazardous materials.
David Delene: So neat exemption for that.
David Delene: or a mitigation strategy and stuff to make sure we can do that.
David Delene: So, hence a lot of times is more common, to have a ground system in place for each release and stuff like wicked propane.
David Delene: So my fog is getting a little bit more dense here.
David Delene: So see methods, again we talked about it requires 30 minutes for a super cool fog to be cleared.
David Delene: So seniors usually not done right away over to runway but 30 or 45 minutes up when so this helps of what a bit because you don't have to be operation, so I over the airport, but if you're using some ground vehicles, you have to have access to where they are.
David Delene: That might be another advantage for the.
David Delene: us is that you could go and fly he wouldn't necessarily need a Rover access.
David Delene: From the ground for that.
David Delene: Wednesday January.
David Delene: Life during the fog events.
David Delene: So typically you're very close to the airport one to two miles so that's again, you know well, they were close relatively close to the ground.
David Delene: might be a good application for us in the US, particularly if you can use a whole suite of the word.
David Delene: Several of them right how many fine I one time, you can change our batteries.
David Delene: or feel.
David Delene: So might be a new application for that.
David Delene: So far, mitigation is what a diagram from a paper.
David Delene: And you see a in this case, it would have airport airplane that's you know, a distance and here to give kilometers so Point six kilometers per mile.
David Delene: And you up when and what, at times, you can be above you or and then the other thing is the fog layers are usually not that thick.
David Delene: So this is in meters 200 meters this one's a pretty thick one here, we had ones that are only five 600 feet.
David Delene: So low to the ground wi fi up near the tops.
David Delene: Of the air airport i'm.
David Delene: dry ice in.
David Delene: Have a stupid court fog.
David Delene: and have some numbers in here how many ice crystals you may the time at drifts down when.
David Delene: And then there is some turbulence in the in the fog, you can spread it some turbulence is this mix in.
David Delene: and
David Delene: You know, you can take these.
David Delene: and spread it out with the mix in.
David Delene: And then you can improve.
David Delene: The visibility over the airport.
David Delene: And you can have aggregation fall the droplets.
David Delene: So can.
David Delene: We move the material.
David Delene: And do that type of operation, and I think.
David Delene: You know this might be a good application.
David Delene: For.
David Delene: airplanes, however, see, I have a.
David Delene: If I can bring this up.
David Delene: When a rudo.
David Delene: Video slash.
David Delene: Oracle here.
David Delene: hold us up in.
David Delene: and see how who's.
David Delene: interested in a mission here.
David Delene: Go copy the link.
David Delene: copy link.
David Delene: copy hyperlink.
David Delene: hey.
David Delene: There we go.
David Delene: And I had an opportunity once I didn't get to see this but.
David Delene: Is the what they call unusual.
David Delene: For Korean apparatus.
David Delene: So we look at the link here and I was so in an Oregon.
David Delene: I think the best part is see if I can get my.
David Delene: song.
David Delene: down so when it starts.
David Delene: beta video we think.
David Delene: If I can make that big.
David Delene: song.
David Delene: let's try that again here.
David Delene: dry ice.
David Delene: Any damage this isn't career, obviously.
David Delene: walk with it awkward it alone.
David Delene: So I don't know it's kind of.
David Delene: A balloon Piper.
David Delene: A system to lift.
David Delene: It up, they have a winch that has the tethered on it, so you move it up and down.
Like.
David Delene: It must have some permission because typically you can't do them petta balloons near the airports but maybe if the air force closed on the fog.
David Delene: You can do it, or something.
David Delene: So what do you think of that interesting.
David Delene: So I didn't actually get to go see that, but I know some other people have.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So there's a couple places they said they I don't know if they still do what they were doing it for many years, so.
David Delene: So this year video and.
website.
David Delene: Okay.
David Delene: And they got a sweater for the dry ice so it's pretty heavy that's why they need that.
David Delene: The womb.
David Delene: I think they keep that in created because they filled up with helium Now we just keep it in a builder.
David Delene: And I guess show you videos from when we did big helium filled balloons.
David Delene: it's been here.
David Delene: Oh no okay so see this alone is so when I was like 25 years ago.
David Delene: For your time I show you another video.
David Delene: But this one, the problem with this video is is very long but.
David Delene: You go my video page.
David Delene: But it has to do with balloons and.
David Delene: Where is my.
David Delene: Fine yeah New Zealand, so I got to go to New Zealand, how many people have been to the summit so Southern hemisphere.
David Delene: You got one person, we see the southern cross on a conservation is you can only see in the southern hemisphere so me outside.
David Delene: So I got Ms fear think twice to New Zealand and went to.
David Delene: Santiago, Chile.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: But it is in a we did some balloon launches So these are longer videos but.
David Delene: I should put the year and it's like of 1988 so that was almost 25 years ago.
David Delene: But it's a great time that go there.
David Delene: Because it's the summer.
David Delene: and
David Delene: fall winter, so if this is a this one's about a 30 minute video so we won't watch the whole thing, but if you're bored tonight you can watch the rest of it and.
David Delene: see if any starts here or downloaded it I gotta.
David Delene: Open up.
David Delene: see if it preys on here.
David Delene: and
David Delene: Sorry, this is very bad because people remember right vhs tapes when you're very.
level.
David Delene: This is one of the people narrates the whole thing, but this is dub didn't have vhs tapes they had a different format and New Zealand, so they recorded one video format, we had debate to a VHF then we had a dove into some digital formats.
David Delene: And this is an iowa, these are the only people I know they work in the country and it commute from the city it's kind of weird so they have this grace there, but we filled up.
David Delene: Big balloons.
David Delene: That would go up into the stratosphere measure stratospheric ozone.
David Delene: But a lot of tropospheric measurements to.
David Delene: and
David Delene: see here is pretty close.
David Delene: If there's a balloon so it's like two and a half stories on the ground for it so.
David Delene: and
David Delene: we'll fill that out so there's me fill in a balloon about 25 years ago.
David Delene: can't tell, but you can see how big that is and that's on the ground, once it gets into stratosphere is not a rubber balloon so just expands and it's about six times its volume.
David Delene: And you have to hold that and you also have to be careful when you let it go, because this balloons got enough lift that it can rip you off the ground.
David Delene: It seems see people have tried this and.
David Delene: Some hilarious videos of people.
David Delene: strapping into a lawn chair, or something so don't do this.
David Delene: But.
David Delene: We can do that so.
David Delene: And so, watch this video, and you can tell me.
David Delene: Why this first launched in it fail what didn't work we have problems with our first launch so you can watch the video and see why that happened.
David Delene: Anyway, that reminds me about these balloon videos.
David Delene: So we.
David Delene: do a lot of that alone and fun stuff.
David Delene: Of course, in.
David Delene: we're not produce the complete career but improve visibility enough to man, aircraft and to do, out of grown operations.
David Delene: So high winds, you can have infection foghat moves in on high wind.
David Delene: which tends to be a lot more difficult to clear, so that would be something like nia harbors or something or airports near the ocean, you get an infection fog that comes in.
David Delene: And the radiation far as is.
David Delene: Typical.
David Delene: For.
David Delene: being easy to queer with the wider wins and the operations so and my picture here is it's very foggy but now and you'll start seeing the snow stuff coming, so I was hoping that we get this current again without snow system that's coming tonight, maybe.
David Delene: So, like some fog in the morning.
David Delene: And let me stop my.
David Delene: Controls again.
David Delene: So we talked about super core thought.
David Delene: Now we move on to the next easiest one which is warm fog what I promise it's super cool far.
David Delene: Is it doesn't occur, very often.
David Delene: Okay i've been waiting trying to measure some super cool fog here, we had a once fury this year, so far, and it seems to be less prevalent than it was in the past 3040 years ago.
David Delene: So that's one drawback is that you got to have a lot of this and make it useful.
David Delene: But it's important if you could do one far.
David Delene: increases places like the Middle East, Abu Dhabi Dubai which is big hobby in the Middle East, they get lots of fog and costs and lots of money when they have to shut down in airport particular if it's for.
David Delene: Multiple days so and it's very hard it's very hard to plan, when this is going to occur, I would see the fog forecasting that forecast.
David Delene: For the whole month, it seemed like it was the same 50% every day, I had no idea if it was going to occur not so hot of a deck or to work around so this applications to try to career.
David Delene: But it's hard it's much harder than the super code for that two approaches.
David Delene: One is giant ice cosmic particles that's one reason why I use topic first and not the best because they make a lot of small particles so add to the material so be better giant just have a few of these if you can release some certain size small particles, the other is heating, the air.
David Delene: Anybody have any idea how they would keep the air.
David Delene: Fire water I don't know.
David Delene: yeah but.
David Delene: That was see a show you raider What exactly do but let's talk about.
David Delene: crowd seating for the warm fog and issues.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: So one issue is that you know when you have connected crowds a sense of depth and time do the presence of updraft involved.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: But.
David Delene: The particles used to see the fog are usually only going to be available for several minutes and would fall to the ground, so the big particles ticket use use giant ones.
David Delene: So, again it's nice to put at the top of the cloud so far as to the old crowd deck.
David Delene: But you have to get big.
David Delene: particles up there, and you have to have a lot of them so that would be another burden to see if you have a big enough unmanned aircraft and you could bring them big particles up there and release them.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: You got high just got big successes like.
David Delene: So so quiet.
David Delene: Typically, is always concerned about this get into the water.
David Delene: Because you have to use quite a bit of it.
David Delene: You have this other material for real it's a certain type of mineral.
David Delene: not quite as effective as.
David Delene: sodium chloride, but maybe better environmentally acceptable so either want an emphasis different types of salt and stuff you can get.
David Delene: But the big problem is getting big enough and just missing it where you need it.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: What type of experiments have been done.
David Delene: there's been a lot of numerical models, so this is where we read the seed in in a computer they still been doing this, there was a paper that came out 2018 that had again some interesting results that showed it you could see.
David Delene: With the whites type of particle something hey 10 microns in size and you can get the fog and career.
David Delene: However, it has been field field experiments.
David Delene: The demonstrated so there's limited success and generate a crowd senior coaches does not use operational so there's really no one is doing in watch article operational semen.
David Delene: The other ways, he didn't.
David Delene: And you know you have a relatively small volume that you might need to remove, and this is kind of a.
David Delene: boot force technique.
David Delene: So there's a example of a project in England after War Two.
David Delene: And for doing and that.
David Delene: is also another one.
David Delene: temperature where.
David Delene: Is the name of the operation Program.
David Delene: And the 1970s and what they use this some jet engines.
David Delene: So they take some old jet engines and random underground run to feel and this heat up the air as it rises.
David Delene: So got any old aircraft engines take off airplane window.
David Delene: um but it's expensive to install and then yeah.
David Delene: But it can be cheaper than calls in the airport.
David Delene: But you have a walk to set it up and get it running.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: think we have a picture here.
David Delene: And I can look at this but movies uh where they are along the runway.
David Delene: With trina runway in a taxi re where they've put a bunch of these.
David Delene: So works best when the winds of light.
David Delene: So it's not very effective when you get higher wins.
David Delene: So you investigated this that sometimes the winds are too high for this force approach.
David Delene: So the final.
David Delene: method.
David Delene: Here now we're getting into the snow for my fog at night, air and.
David Delene: it's like the same thing with the ice crystals.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: most difficult so some phrases like fairbanks Alaska would have this iceberg and it's people that do research on this air force bases and.
David Delene: stuff up and then type of places.
David Delene: So the greater genetic will not work.
David Delene: and
David Delene: I just kept seeing when I see much good since the vapor pressure of the crowd is close to saturation respected ice instead of liquid.
David Delene: So we towards the growth of the water you don't have audience as particles there.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: what's the other option that we talked about.
David Delene: can put articles there.
David Delene: He did let's see about he been oops.
David Delene: So he can can be done in ice fog what is not nearly as effective as and warm for.
David Delene: So the reason we can look at the clauses crap granted relationship and think about this, where we have temperature and vapor pressure.
David Delene: So that the colder temperatures.
David Delene: You know, so we have the delta but triangle means delta means change so BP vapor pressure.
David Delene: Changing vapor pressure, so the idea is we got above well got the same change and vapor pressure.
David Delene: But when it's more for that same changing vapor pressure, you have a small change and tea and temperature when it's cold you want that same change of vapor pressure and you need a big delta T.
David Delene: So, the reason is you got to heat it a lot more.
David Delene: So that means more fuel.
David Delene: Fire more.
David Delene: Whatever you're using the heat that atmosphere so becomes a lot harder.
David Delene: um.
David Delene: The other thing is it's hard to keep that air hostess surface.
David Delene: Nice part is even thinner and closer to the surface.
David Delene: So that Aaron tend to rise.
David Delene: And so you get this air get that air rise it gets out of your way, but then you just have the fog movement from the sides.
David Delene: And then you can just keep hitting it more and then you keep having to hear moving from a size so.
David Delene: You have this need to heat a lot, but as soon as you eat a lot, and you have a very big.
David Delene: Up graph and it moves up vertically, it says, for it and horizontally.
David Delene: Say fortunately there's not too many places where there are ice fox mentioned, I think, for banks get very known and caught.
David Delene: up in the Arctic in the winter.
David Delene: and
David Delene: That talk to some scientists that have worked up there, and one of the thing is is they try to reduce to source and they have a mind or something that really puts a lot of ice new API and makes a lot of ice bar and he tried to reduce that the source.
David Delene: And the number of ice particles, to be used to visibility so eliminate the source of the problem.
David Delene: So not approaches for current far.
David Delene: i'll cut the down watch.
David Delene: Short lead.
David Delene: Various collection mechanisms for looms is i'm.
David Delene: Like why of meshes to correct the droplets as they come across.
David Delene: Quite a lot of vegetation.
David Delene: Like trees that would do the same thing that would collect that remember I showed you my pictures of the.
David Delene: floss and ice cream crystals that form, so these can correct the particles anybody have any other ideas about.
David Delene: How we could.
David Delene: Get rid of for.
David Delene: me heard about anything else being used.
No.
David Delene: mo all the techniques that I have now we have a snow after this fall event.
David Delene: Think, if you want to look at the data from I don't know if I have this on my blog site, but.
David Delene: These are, I think they were about every 15 minutes or something showed you the images of these.
David Delene: Events so go back and see when we.
David Delene: We started look at that see it looks like a whole bunch of snowball effect to it very fast.
David Delene: So start off Nice and for.
David Delene: It you know what about war fog it's coming in, so the visibility is reduced here.
David Delene: You can see you know you can see the trees in the far distance now, you can see them less less less, and then we get more and more snow that comes so there's some fog before to snow and then we just had this know events.
David Delene: So anyway, think of any questions about the exam.
David Delene: me, incidentally.
David Delene: In terms of.
David Delene: We talked about multi cells and.
David Delene: And single cell storms.
David Delene: And I have to confess I didn't go through the whole thing myself.
David Delene: This is good look at it.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: morning general topic on that, but probably nothing specific.
David Delene: On that, because we're would have been more focused applied what a modification and was more about.
David Delene: meteorology.
David Delene: So.
David Delene: But, in general, you know nolan what convection is the address on important.
David Delene: And the formation of the crowds connected crowds.
David Delene: sources so much.
David Delene: yeah too much ice right so like I said in a basket.
David Delene: They found a nice source because of the mining operations in the area.
David Delene: would be produced a lot of ice dried saturate so you can try to mitigate the.
David Delene: The fog format and how it performs as opposed to trying to dissipate.
David Delene: or queer fall.
David Delene: So it's very different cognitive career to ice.
David Delene: And curtis.
David Delene: And one more thing is Has anybody ever notice is just me if you go in and we call winter it's very calm.
David Delene: You see sort of ice crystals that to create new words in the ground trees, some people call recorded diamond dust is so someone else has seen this right, so the mode of ice crystals my my question is I go and open up in the tree area and compared to open theorists I only see the trees.
David Delene: Why is.
David Delene: That me or my just not seeing an indiana.
David Delene: that's a natural light.
David Delene: or.
David Delene: Maybe there's more humidity here and I need to make some measurements I don't know but maybe Maybe someone has seen that but it's really nice to see this up in Alaska between is recorded.
David Delene: In terms of diamond dust it's like what of ice crystals that, particularly when it's very sunny oh see that.
David Delene: So watch for that anyway that's all I have so Tuesday.
David Delene: Tuesday today, Thursday we'll do the past.
David Delene: Oh.